The post Asphalt in Road Pavement Free Online Reviewer 2022 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Importance of Asphalt to Highway Engineering
- When mixed with mineral aggregates to form the upper layers of the pavement structures holds the aggregates in position and give them resistance to displacement by traffic. It provides tensile strength to the asphalt mixture and enables the pavement to resist bending stresses due to traffic load.
- It also gives flexibility to the pavement and enables it to conform to minor irregularities of the base without failure.
- It is preferable to a cement concrete road due to its lower initial cost and more uniform riding surface.
- In more developed countries, there are more asphalt roads than cement concrete roads. In their road life studies, the average lifespan of all types of asphalt roads is twenty (20) years.
Characteristics of Asphalt
- Hydrocarbons that are soluble in carbon disulfide. At normal temperatures, they are in solid form, and when heated, they will soften and flow. When mixed with aggregates in their flaccid state, they solidify and bind the aggregates together forming a pavement surface.
- Highly waterproof and can seal the road surface against excess surface water.
- Highly cementitious. With the proper amount of bitumen at the road surface, it can bond granular particles together that will resist traffic wear and displacement.
- Bituminous road surfaces are relatively flexible and will adjust to base variations.
- When properly selected, the bitumen can maintain its ductility and bond which in return can withstand deterioration due to withering.
Sources and Nature
Bituminous materials used in road construction are from the distillation of crude oil. The distillation process can be accomplished by mechanical or natural means.
- Kinds of Bitumen
- Natural/rock asphalt – formed when crude petroleum oils work their way to the earth’s surface through cracks. Then the action of the wind and the sun drives off the lighter oils and gasses leaving behind black and plastic residue.
- Manufactured or petroleum asphalt – obtained by the distillation process from crude petroleum
- Asphalt Cement – 40-300 penetration grade
- Oxidized or Blown asphalt – 0-30 penetration grade
Classification, Chemical, and Physical Properties
Bitumen used in road construction is called asphalt cement, a highly viscous and sticky material.
- Classification and Grade
- Asphalt Cement
- Penetration grade
- Liquid Asphalt
- Cutback Asphalt – asphalt cement with solvent
- Medium Curing
- Rapid Curing
- Emulsified Asphalt – asphalt cement + water +emulsifier
- Anionic – negative charge
- Cationic – positive charge
- Cutback Asphalt – asphalt cement with solvent
- Asphalt Cement
- Chemical Properties
- It is basically composed of various hydrocarbons with traces of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. It is however composed of two main components such as the following.
- Asphaltene – This component gives color and hardness
- Maltene – This component is composed of resin which provides stickiness or adhesiveness and oil which influences viscosity and softness.
- Existing test for analyzing chemical composition requires sophisticated laboratory equipment and technical expertise not readily available in most laborites where such testing is done.
- It is basically composed of various hydrocarbons with traces of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. It is however composed of two main components such as the following.
- Physical Properties
- Consistency of asphaltic material ranges from very thin liquid to stiff semi-solid state. It is also graded by its consistency at given temperatures.
- Temperature Susceptibility – All bituminous materials are thermoplastic. This means that it becomes harder as its temperature decreases and softer it becomes when its temperature increases. It also varies among bituminous materials from different sources even if they are of the same grade. It is important to determine the temperature susceptibility of the bituminous material to be used in a paving mixture because it indicates the proper temperature when to mix the bitumen and aggregates and the proper temperature at which to compact the mixture on a roadbed.
- Adhesion and Cohesion
- Adhesion – It is the ability of the bituminous material to stick to the aggregates in a paving mixture.
- Cohesion – The bitumen’s ability to hold the aggregate particles firmly in place in the finished pavement.
- Durability – The resistance of the bitumen to change in properties due to weathering or aging which involves chemical and physical reaction called oxidation.
- Hardening – Bitumen tends to harden in the paving mixture during construction which occurs when heated to higher temperature.
- Physical Tests
- Consistency Test
- Viscosity Test – Measures the resistance to flow
- Penetration Test – Measures the distance that a standard needle will penetrate a sample at a given temperature in a specified time.
- Temperature Susceptibility Test
- Softening Point Test – It indicates the temperature at which the harder type of bitumen reaches an arbitrary degree of softening.
- Loss of Heating
- Determines the rate of loss of volatile oil of bitumen when heated and the change in penetration caused by excessive heating.
- Ductility Test
- Measures the ability of the bitumen to stretch without breaking.
- Flash Point
- Indicates safe heating temperature of bituminous materials.
- Specific Gravity
- This indicates the uniformity of bituminous product.
- Spot Test
- Determines if the bituminous material was overheated during production.
- Solubility Test
- Determines the bitumen content that is soluble in petroleum solvent.
- Distillation Test
- Determines the bituminous content of liquid asphalt.
- Sieve Test
- Determines the presence of larger globules of bituminous material in the emulsion.
- Cement Mixing Test
- Storage Stability Test
- Consistency Test
- Handling, Storage and Sampling – The inspector should be aware of the potential sources of contamination that might exist where the bituminous material is being stored and handled. It is because an inspector may be required to collect samples for testing. Inspectors must be able to identify and avoid practices that could lead to contamination of samples. Additionally, inspectors must understand the changes in volume that bituminous materials undergo when heated or cooled. It is especially important to be knowledgeable when comparing bituminous materials at quantities measured at different temperatures. 
- Safe Handling of Bituminous Materials – Bituminous materials are usually heated to a temperature exceeding 149 degrees Celsius to facilitate its use. Momentary contact can severely burn exposed flesh or skin. In case of skin burns, apply cold water or ice packs to reduce the heat. Use personal protective equipment to avoid exposure to fumes coming off from hot bituminous materials such as hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen and sulfur are naturally present in these materials.
- Storage
- Do not store in open areas exposed to rain.
- Storage areas must be clean to avoid contamination.
- Check storage drums for leakage and damage.
- Sampling
- Samples must be representative of the entire shipment.
- Contamination or other alteration of sample before testing will produce misleading test results. Misleading results obtained leads to wrong decisions such as rejection of entire shipments when it does in fact meets the specifications.
- Best practices to observe when doing sampling
- Use new and clean containers to avoid contamination.
- Seal filled containers with clean, dry and tight-fitting lids.
- Label containers clearly and properly.
Read more: CHECK HERE
Image Credit: Wikipedia
The post Asphalt in Road Pavement Free Online Reviewer 2022 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post 2022 Civil Engineering Free Refresher Course 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Subject coverage in the 2022 Civil Engineering Refresher Course 1 are Algebra and Trigonometry. It consists of 100 problem sets. Results and scores will be shown at the end of the quiz.
Check other Quizzes
Every student at a particular technological institute is required to take preboard exams. A student who passes it will take Design and the other one who fails will take Hydraulics. In a batch of 1240 students there are more students took Hydraulics than Design. However if there are 30 more students who passed the preboard, each subject would have the same enrolment. How many students took Hydraulics?
A hyperbola has the equation x^2 – 8x – 4y^2 + 64y = 256, find the center of hyperbola.
Solve for x: cos 2x – 3sinx + 1 = 0 I. π/6 II. 5π/6 III. 0
Find the 5th term of the expansion (2 – x)^ 6?
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Calculate the angle A.
Solve for x:
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the side b.
These are angles whose sum is 360°
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find angle B.
Simplify this radical:
Advertisement
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Calculate the angle C.
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° In triangle DEF , DE = 18 , EF = 6 . The length FD must be:
The following are the zeros of this equation x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24 EXCEPT:
The sum of the sides of the triangle ABC is equal to 400 m. A = 38°, B = 58°. Find the side AC in meters.
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Calculate the time required for one cycle.
Find the locus of a point the sum of the squares of whose distances from (2,3) and (-1,-2) is 34.
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find tan θ.
Find the summation of (5K – 3) from K = 1 to K = 16.
Find the value of k so that the equation 4x^2 + kx + 9 = 0 has one root equal to -3
A grocer bought a number of items for P 1440. Later the price increased by P 2.00 per item and as a result he received 24 fewer items for the same amount. Find the number of items bought first.
Advertisement
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the angle B.
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 12° 12’ 20”
The sum of the ages of the two brothers is 20. In five years, one is twice the another. Find the present ages of the two brothers.
Compute the value of B.
ccto
The perimeter of a triangle is 84 m while its area is 102 m2. Determine the diameter of the circle that may be inscribed in this triangle.
What is the sum of the roots of the equation 3x^2 – 4x + 6 = 0?
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Find the length of the side 6 in meters
An engineering component has a mass of 400 g. If each of its dimensions are reduced by 30% , determine the new mass.
The diameter of a tumor D in mm , t in days after diagnosis is given by D(t) = 10e^0.0277t How long until the diameter is doubled?
Find the nth term of the series 1, 4 ,7 , 10 , 13…
Advertisement
An equilateral triangle has an altitude of 5√3 cm long. Find the area of the triangle.
Find the 2017th digit in the decimal equivalent of 2017/9999.
Rewrite as a single function of an angle: tan 37° + tan 68° / 1 – tan 37°tan 68°
A is 8% taller than B , while B is 9% taller than C. By how much percent is A taller than C?
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Find the period of the function y = 3 cot 1/2 t.
Calculate the following sum:
ctto
Solve this trigonometric equation: 2cos x + sec x = 3.
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , If tan B = x/ √(1-x^2), what is cos B ?
The length of a triangle exceeds twice its width by 3 inches. If the area of the rectangle is 10 , calculate the measure of the width.
There is a fixed circle having a radius of 5 with center at (4,8). Find the equation of the curve connecting the centers of all circles that are tangent to this fixed circle and the x-axis.
Advertisement
Two lines are represented by the equations -1/2 y = 6x + 10 and y = mx. Find the value of m such that the lines will be parallel.
The Greenwich mean time of Manila is +8. What is the GMT of Tokyo?
Compute the distance between the directrices of the curve 9x^2 – 25y^2 – 54x – 250y + 481 = 0.
SITUATION 4: Two sides of the triangle are 50 and 60. The angle included is 30° . Find the third side
It is usually defined as the angle made by the ray drawn and it can be read from north or south.
The perimeter of triangle ABC is 300 m , A = 36° , B = 58° and C = 86° . Determine the side opposite the biggest angle.
Find the trigonometric function asked of certain angles in standard position of the given points are onthe terminal side of the angles. The tangent function at (0,4).
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find csc θ
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find side c.
A ship P sails at a steady speed of 45 kph in a W 32° N from a point. At the same time, another ship Q leaves the port at a steady speed of 35 kph in a direction N 15° E. Determine their distance apart after 4 hours.
Advertisement
Compute the value of A.
The Father of Trigonometry.
A car travels northward from point D for one hour, then northward for 30 mins., then shifted N 30° E. the bus constant speed is 64.7 km. directly away from D. how long in hours has it travelled?
One number is more than the another and the sum is 71. Find the larger number.
Twelve workmen employed on a building site earn between them, a total of P 2415 per week. Laborers are paid P 175 per week and craftsmen earn P 220 per week. How many craftsmen are employed?
Solve for x and y:
Eleven men can finish the job in 15 days. Five men were working at the start and after six days four men were added. How many days will it take to finish the job?
The value of e that is 2.71828… is called:
Which of the following is NOT a perfect number?
If d = 1000 – 200q and c = 4000 + 20d , find c as a function of q.
Advertisement
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Find the maximum displacement.
SITUATION 4: Two sides of the triangle are 50 and 60. The angle included is 30° . If cot 2A = tan 3A , find the value of A in degrees.
What is the equivalent value of 630 degrees in centesimal system.
Solve for x: 10x + 10x+1 = 5x + 5x+1 + 5x+2
SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sin A 0
What kind of symmetry, if any, does the graph of y = x^2 – 16 have?
SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sec A 0
A ship sailing due east when a light is observed bearing N 62° 10’ E. After the ship has travelled 2250 m, the light bears N 48° 25’ E. If the course is continued, how close will the ship approach the light?
Solve for x: 7x = 4x + 12
Factor the following: ax + ay – bx – by
Advertisement
How many triangles can be formed given a = 31.5 , b = 51.8 , and A = 33° 40’.
Which of the following is a palindromic number?
The power is required to operate a turbine varies directly as the cube of the speed. If ½ horsepower will operate at a speed of 100 rev/min, how fast will 4 horsepower operate it?
One liter of a 25% solution is mixed with 3 liters of a 40% solution. What is the percentage of sugar in the new mixture?
Evaluate: 1/2 * 2/3 * … 2016/2017
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 112° 40’
Solve for x: |x - 2| + 1 = x
Compute the value of C
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find sin θ.
The angles of elevation of the top of the tower at two points 30 m and 80 from the foot of the tower, on a horizontal line, are complimentary. What is the height of the tower?
Advertisement
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find angle A.
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Calculate the phase shift of the function.
Find the number of terms 5 ,8 , 11 … of which sum is 1025.
A river flows due south at 125 ft/min. A motorboat, moving at 475 ft/min in still water, is headed due east across the river. Find the direction in which the boat moves and its speed.
Find the constant term of the third term in the expansion of (2x + y)^6.
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 25°
An isosceles triangle has an area of 46 m2. One side of the equal interior angle is 65.5° What is the perimeter of the triangle in meters?
The geometric mean of two numbers is 6 while the arithmetic mean is 4. Find the product of geometric and harmonic means.
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the side a.
Klay Thompson left from Warriors game at past 3:00 pm as indicated in his watch. Between two to three hours later, he returned at Oracle Arena and he noticed that the hands of the watch interchanged. At what time did he left his home?
Advertisement
SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sin A > 0 and cot A > 0
The A-frame cabin is below 35 feet wide. The roof of the cabin makes a 55° angle with the cabin’s base. Find the length of one side of the roof from its ground level.
Divide 60 into two parts with the ratio of 2:3.
Find the value of x in (3 )^5 (9 )^6 = 3^2x
At what time after 12 noon will the minute hand and hour hand of a clock be on a straight line for the first time?
Simplify: (-54s)(-4/9)
Find the remainder of 3x^3 – x^2 – 8x + 5 when divided by x + 2
For a given function f(t) = f(-t). What type of symmetry does f(t) have?
The principal value of the equation sin x = cos x is:
Simplify: (a-x)(b-x)…(z-x)
Share your Results:
Please share this quiz to view your results.
The post 2022 Civil Engineering Free Refresher Course 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW RA 544 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>(As Amended by R.A. 1582)
An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering
in the Philippines
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
Article I
TITLE OF THE ACT AND DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 1. Title of Act.” This Act shall be known as the “Civil Engineering Law.”
Section 2. Definition of Terms.”
(a) The practice of civil engineering within the meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace services inthe form of consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, estimates, erection, installation and
supervision of the construction of streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports and hangars, port works,
canals, river and shore improvements, lighthouses, and dry docks; buildings, fixed structures for irrigation, flood
protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works; demolition of permanent structures; and tunnels. The
enumeration of any work in this section shall not be construed as excluding any other work requiring civil
engineering knowledge and application.
(b) The term “civil engineer” as used in this act shall mean a person duly registered with the Board for
Civil Engineers in the manner as hereinafter provided.
Article II
BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
Section 3. Composition of Board.” Within thirty days after the approval of this Act there shall be created
a Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers, hereinafter referred to as the Board, to be composed of a chairman
and two members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the
Commissioner of PRC. The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years after appointment
or until their successors shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. The first members of the Board
appointed under this Act shall hold office for the following terms: One member for one year; one member for
two years; and one member for three years. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath
of office before entering upon the performance of his duties. Any member of the Board may be removed by the
President of the Philippines, upon recommendation by the Professional Regulation Commission for neglect of
duty, incompetency, malpractice, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or dishonorable conduct, after having
been given opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation: Provided, That during the
process of investigation, the President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the PRC, shall have the
power to suspend such member under investigation and shall appoint a temporary member in his place.
Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the un expired term only.
Section 4. Powers and Duties of the Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers is vested with authority,
conformable with the provisions of this Act, to administer oaths, issue, suspend and revoke certificates of
registration for the practice of civil engineering, issue certificates of recognition to civil engineers already
registered under this Act for advanced studies, research, and/or highly specialized training in any branch of civil
engineering subject to the approval of the PRC, to investigate such violations of this Act and the regulations,
there under as may come to the knowledge of the Board and, for this purpose, issue subpoena and subpoena
duces tecum to secure appearance of witnesses in connection with the charges presented to the Board, to
inspect at least once a year educational institutions offering courses in civil engineering, civil engineering works,
projects or corporations, established in the Philippines and, for safeguarding of life, health and property, to
discharge such other powers and duties as may affect ethical and technological standards of the civil
engineering profession in the Philippines. For the purpose of this Act, the Director of Public Works and/or his
authorized representative in the provinces and chartered cities shall be ex-officio agents of the Board and as
such it shall be their duty to help in the enforcement of the provisions of this Act. The Board may, with the
approval of the Professional Regulation Commission issue such rules and regulations as may be deemed
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. The board shall also adopt a code of ethics in the practice of
civil engineering and have an official seal to authenticate its official documents.
Section 5. Qualifications of Board Members.” Each member of the Board shall, at the time of his
appointment:
a. Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
b. Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
c. Be a graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally constituted school, institute,
college or university.
d. Be a registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil engineering in the Philippines;
e. Have practiced civil engineering, with a certificate as such, for a period of not less than ten years
prior to his appointment.
f. Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college, or university where civil
engineering course is taught, nor have a pecuniary interest in such institutions;
g. No former members of the faculty of any school, institute or university where civil engineering is
taught can become a member of the Board unless he had stopped teaching for at least three
consecutive years.
Section 6. Fees and Compensation of Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall charge for each
application for examination the sum of P100 (one hundred) payable to the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC upon filing of said application, and for each certificate of registration, fifty pesos. Each member of the
Board shall receive a compensation of fifteen pesos for each applicant examined. A civil engineer in the service
of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines appointed as member of the Board shall receive the
compensation as herein provided, in addition to his salary in the Government. All authorized expenses of the
Board, including the compensation provided for herein, shall be paid by the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC out of such appropriation as may be made for the purpose. (See RA 6511 & PD 223)
Section 7. Annual Report.” The Board shall, at the end of each fiscal year, submit to the PRC a detailed
report of its activities and proceedings during the period covered by the fiscal year ended.
Article III
EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Section 8. Examination Requirement.” All applicants for registration for the practice of civil engineering
shall berequired to pass a technical examination as hereinafter provided.
Section 9. Holding of Examination.” Examination of candidates desiring to practice civil engineering in
the Philippines shall be given in the City of Manila of each year, provided that such days do not fall on official
holidays, otherwise the examinations shall be held on the days next following.
Section 10. Subjects of Examination.” Applicants for certificate of registration as civil engineer shall be
examined, in the discretion of the Board, on the following subjects: mathematics, including algebra, plane and
spherical trigonometry, analytics, descriptive and solid geometry, differential and integral calculus, and rational
and applied mechanics; hydraulics; surveying, including highway and railroad surveying; plane, topographic and
hydrographic surveying, and advance surveying; design and construction of highways and railroads, masonry
structures, wooden and reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, towers, walls, foundations, piers, ports, wharves,
aqueducts, sanitary engineering works, water supply systems, dikes, dams and irrigation and drainage canals.
Section 11. Executive Officer of the Board.” The Commissioner of Professional Regulation Commission
shall be the executive officer of the Board and shall conduct the examinations given by the said Board. He shall
designate any subordinate officer of the Professional Regulation Commission to act as the Secretary and
custodian of all records including examination papers and minutes of the deliberation of the Board.
Section 12. Qualifications for Examination.” Any person applying for admission to the civil engineering
examination as herein provided shall, prior to the date of the examination, establish to the satisfaction of the
Board that he has the following qualifications:
a. Be at least twenty-one years of age;
b. Be a citizen of the Philippines;
c. Be of good reputation and moral character; and
d. Be a graduate of a four-year course in civil engineering from a school, institute, college or
university recognized by the Government or the State wherein it is established.
Section 13. Oath of Civil Engineers.” All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to
take a professional oath before the Board of Civil Engineers or other Government Officials authorized to
administer oaths, prior to entering upon the practice of the civil engineering profession.
Section 14. Seal and Use of Seal.” All registered civil engineers shall obtain a seal of such design as
the Board shall authorize and direct: Provided, however, That the serial number of the certificate issued by the
Board shall be included in the design of the seal. Plans and specifications prepared by, or under the direct
supervision of a registered civil engineer shall be stamped with said seal during the life of the registrant’s
certificate, and it shall be unlawful for any one to stamp or seal any documents with said seal after the
certificate of registrant named thereon has expired or has been revoked, unless said certificate shall have been
renewed or re-issued.
Section 15. Exemption from Registration.”
- Registration shall not be required of the following persons:
a. Officers or enlisted men of the United States and Philippine Armed Forces, and civilian
employeesof the Government of the United States stationed in the Philippines while rendering
civil engineering services for the United States and/or Philippines.
b. Civil engineers or experts called in by the Philippine Government for consultation, or specific
designand construction of fixed structures as defined under this Act, provided that their practice
shall be limited to such work. - Any person residing in the Philippines may make plans on specifications for any of the following:
a. Any building in chartered cities or in towns with building ordinances, not exceeding the space
requirement specified therein, requiring the services of a civil engineer.
b. Any wooden building enlargement or alteration which is to be used for farm purposes only and
costingnot more than ten thousand pesos.
c. Provided, however. That there shall be nothing in this Act that will prevent any person from
constructing his own (wooden or light material) residential house, utilizing the services of a
person or persons required for the purpose, without the use of a civil engineer, as long as he
does no violate local ordinances of the place where the building is to be constructed. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent draftsmen, student clerk-or-work, superintendents, and other
employees of those lawfully engaged in the practice of civil engineering under the provisions of this Act, from
acting under the instruction, control or supervision of their employer. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent any person who prior to the approval of this Act have been
lawfully engaged in the practice of “maestro de obras” to continue as such, provided they shall not undertake
the making of plans supervision for the following classes of work:
a. Building of concrete whether reinforced or not.
b. Building of more than two stories.
c. Building with frames of structural steel.
d. Building of structures intended for public gathering or assemblies such as theaters,
cinematographs, stadia, churches, or structures of like nature. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent professional architects and engineers to practice their
professions.
Section 16. Refusal to Issue Certificate.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall not issue a certificate to
any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, or to
any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable
conduct, or to any person of unsound mind. In the event of a refusal to issue a certificate to any person, the
Board shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth its reason for such action, which statement
shall be incorporated in the records of the Board.
Section 17. Suspension and Revocation of Certificates. “ The Board shall have the power, after due
notice and hearings to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration for any cause mentioned in the
preceding section.
Section 18. Re-issue and Replacement of Certificates. “ The Board may, after the expiration of one year
from the date of certificate of registration is revoked and for reasons it may deem sufficient, entertain an
application for a new certificate of registration from the registrant concerned. Such application shall be
accomplished in the same form prescribed for examination, but the Board may, in its discretion, exempt the
applicant from taking the requisite examination.
Section 19. Transitory Provisions.” As soon as this Act takes effect, any person desiring to practice the
profession of civil engineering shall be required to obtain a certificate of registration in the manner and under
the conditions hereinafter provided. All civil engineers duly licensed under the provisions of Act Numbered
Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, at the time this Act takes effect, shall be automatically
registered under the provisions hereof. Certificates of registration held by such persons in good standing shall
have the same force and effect as though the same have been issued under the provisions of this Act. All
graduates in civil engineering from a school, institute, college, or university recognized by the Government who
have passed the civil service examination for senior civil engineer and have been practicing or employed in the
Government as such during five years are exempted from taking examination.
Article IV
ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS
Section 20. Enforcement of the Act by officers of the law.” It shall be the duty of all duly constituted law
officers of the national, provincial, city and municipal governments, or any political subdivisions thereof, to
enforce the provisions of this Act and to prosecute any person violating the same.
Section 21. Registration required.” Unless exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to
practice civil engineering in the Philippines without having obtained the proper certificate of registration from the
Board for Civil Engineers.*
Section 22. Penal provisions.” Any person who shall practice or offer to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act or any person presenting or
attempting to use as his own the certificate of registration of a registered civil engineer, or any person who shall
give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board, or any person who shall impersonate any registrant
civil engineer of different name or any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended certificate of
registration, or any person who shall use in connection with his name or otherwise assume, use or advertise
any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a civil engineer, without holding a valid
certificate of registration, or any person who shall violate any of the provision of this Act, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than five hundred pesos nor more
than two thousand pesos, or to suffer imprisonment for a period of not less than six months not more than one
year, or both, in the discretion of the court.
Article V
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 23. Preparation of plans and supervisions of construction by registered civil engineer.” It shall
be unlawful for any person to order or otherwise cause the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any
building or structure intended for public gathering or assembly such as theaters, cinematographs, stadia,
churches or structures of like nature, and any other engineering structures mentioned in section two of this Act
unless the designs, plans, and specifications of same have been prepared under the responsible charge of, and
signed and sealed by a registered civil engineer, and unless the construction, reconstruction and/or alteration
thereof are executed under the responsible charge and direct supervision of a civil engineer. Plans and designs
of structures must be approved as provided by law or ordinance of a city or province or municipality where the
said structure is to be constructed.
Section 24. The practice of civil engineering is a professional service, admission to which must be
determined upon individual, personal qualifications. Hence, no firm, partnership, corporation or association may
be registered or licensed as such for the practice of civil engineering: Provided, however, That persons properly
registered and licensed as civil engineers may, among themselves or with a person or persons properly
registered and licensed as architects, form, and obtain registration of, a firm, partnership or association using
the term “Engineers” or “Engineers and Architects,” but, nobody shall be a member or partner of such firm,
partnership or association unless he is duly licensed civil engineer or architect, and the members who are civil
engineers shall only render work and services proper for a civil engineer, as defined in this Act, and the
members who are architects shall also only render work and services proper for an architect, as defined in the
law regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such firms, partnership or association shall be
responsible for their own respective acts.
Section 25. Reciprocity requirements.” No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines at the time he
applies to take the examination shall be allowed to take it unless he can prove in the manner provided by the
Rules of Court that, by specific provision of law, the country of which he is a citizen, subject, or national either
admits citizens of the Philippines to the practice of the same profession without restriction or allows them to
practice it after an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects, or nationals of the
country concerned, including the unconditional recognition of degrees issued by institutions of learning duly
recognized for the purpose by the Government of the Philippines: Provided, That if he is not a citizen of the
Philippines, and was admitted to the practice of a profession in the Philippines after December 8, 1941, his
active practice in that profession, either in the Philippines or in the state or country where he was practicing his
profession, shall not have been interrupted for a period of two years or more prior to July 4, 1946, and that the
country or state from which he comes allows the citizens of the Philippines by specific provision of law, to
practice the same profession without restriction or on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects
or nationals of the country or state concerned.
Section 26. Roster of civil engineers.” A roster showing the names and places of business of all
registered civil engineers shall be prepared by the Commissioner of PRC periodically but at least once a year.
Copies of this roster shall be placed on file with the PRC and furnished to all department heads, mayors of all
chartered cities, to the Director of Public Works, to such other Bureaus, government entities or agencies and
municipal and provincial authorities as may be deemed necessary and to the public upon request.
Section 27. Repeal.” All laws, parts of laws, orders, ordinances, or regulations in conflict with the
provisions hereof; including parts of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, as
pertains to the practice of civil engineering, are hereby repealed, except the provisions of Act Numbered Thirtyone hundred and fifty nine amending Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, pertaining to the
practice of “maestro de obras.”
Section 28. Construction of Act.” If any part or section of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional,
such declarations shall not invalidate the other provisions hereof.
Section 29. Effectivity.” This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved, June 17, 1950 (As amended by R.A. No. 1582, approved on June 16, 1956).
Other posts related to Civil Engineering. Or check here.
Check PRC Board Results for Civil Engineers or prc.gov.ph.
The post CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW RA 544 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post Free Plumbing Review Guide 2022 Part 2 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>E. SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, REFUSE AND HANDLING
- SEPTIC TANK. A receptacle or water-tight vault is used to collect organic waste discharge from the house sewer and designed and constructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest the organic matter through a period of detention, and allow the effluent to discharge into a storm drain.
- CATCH BASIN. A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time to deposit ‘settleable’ materials.
- PUBLIC SEWER MAIN. A public sanitary waste disposal system consists of a treatment unit that conveys the raw waste to the disposal system.
- A common way of disposing of solids is by INCINERATION. This is a controlled burning of combustible waste. This can be an effective waste reduction method for 70 percent of all municipal waste. If this is operated properly, it can reduce bulk by 90 to 95 percent. Ash left over is generally disposed off in a landfill.
- Another method of disposing of municipal solid wastes is by dumping refuse at a pre-planned site, compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This method is called a
SANITARY LANDFILL. - When garbage from different floors of a high-rise building is disposed off from an opening and is directly led to the basement garbage bin. This is called the RUBBISH CHUTES.
- GARBAGE DISPOSER. This is a contraption inverted to dispose of leftovers straight from the kitchen sink. Simply turn on the faucet, flick the power switch and place the leftovers such as bones, fruit pits, rotten vegetables, spoiled bones and washed down the drain pipes.
- After the ground preparation, a LINER should be laid out on the area enclosed for the sanitary landfill. The main purpose is to prevent the seepage of leachate (dirty water, to cause liquid to percolate) deep down to the groundwater strata. This consists of soil or composite material such as synthetic plastic or asphalt sheets.
- TRENCH METHOD. A method of landfill wherein a tractor digs a trench with a bulldozer blade and trucks dump the refuse to it. Then the tractor compacts the refuse thoroughly and covers it with the earth that was dug up earlier. This method is primarily used on ground level.
- AREA METHOD. This method of landfill is generally
used on rolling terrain where the existing slope of the land can be used as a basin. In this method, trucks deposit refuse over the selected area. Huge, heavy tractors with special compacting wheels press down the refuse. Then the refuse is covered with earth hauled in from elsewhere. - Collection of human wastes is done by elaborate systems to carry most liquid sewage to WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, where the sewage undergoes a series of treatment steps to remove polluting materials and biological and chemical contaminants that can harm human health or ecological systems. The first stage is the trapping or screening of coarse suspended matter into a grit chamber. Then the use of aerobic microorganisms to break down the organic matter left in the sewage is called biological oxidation. Then the third phase, chemical treatments are used to remove undesirable constituents that remain. What results is drinking quality water.
- BIDET. A fixture that appears like a water closet, since
a person sits down on it. But it is designed as a combination lavatory that can plug the drain and collect hot & cold water, with an inverted water sprayer to clear the most delicate and well-guarded parts of the body.
F. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
- What determines the size of a leaching field? PERCOLATION TEST
- What is an important concern in the private water supply?
HARDNESS - What part of the water supply design is affected by building height? STATIC HEAD
- Statements:
- Correct
- Dry pipe sprinkler systems are more efficient than wet pipe systems.
- The hazard classification does not necessarily affect sprinkler layout.
- Correct
- The pressure in a city water main is (0.39273 MPa). If the pressure loss through piping, fittings, and the water meter has been calculated as 231 psi (o.15847 MPa) and the highest fixture requires 12 psi (0.08268 MPa) to operate, what is the maximum height the fixture can be above the water main? 50 FEET (15M)
- You have been retained by a client to design a house in a
suburban location. The nearest water main is one block
away (about 1000M) and the city has no plans to extend the line in the near future. City and county regulations do permit the drilling of wells. What should you recommend your client regarding water supply? ESTIMATE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE MUNICIPAL LINE, SINCE THE WATER QUALITY IS KNOWN AND IT WOULD ENSURE A LONG-TERM SUPPLY. CONSULT WITH NEARBY PROPERTY OWNERS WHO PLAN TO BUILD IN THE AREA TO SEE IF THEY WOULD BE WILLING TO SHARE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE LINE. - Which statements about drainage are correct?
- Correct:
- Vents help prevent the drainage of water from traps.
- The house drain cannot also be called the building sewer.
- Cleanouts are always a necessary part of a drainage system.
- Correct:
- Water hammer most often occurs when:
WATER SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN THE FLOW IS TURNED OFF. - One component of a plumbing system that every building has is a: STACK VENT
- Select the incorrect statements:
- Correct:
- Several types of plastic can be used for cold water piping, but only PVDC is used for hot water supply where allowed by local codes.
- Steel pipe is more labor intensive and requires more space than copper pipes in plumbing chases.
- ABS is suitable for water supply.
- Correct:
The post Free Plumbing Review Guide 2022 Part 2 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post Free Plumbing Review Guide 2022 (Part 1) appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>- PLUMBING
- It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids, substances, and/or ingredients and removing them and such water, liquid, and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life, and property.
- PLUMBING APPLIANCE
- Any one of a special class of device or equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more energy components such as motors, heating elements, and pressure-temperature-sensing elements. Pipe hangers and support are considered one.
- PLUMBING APPURTENANCE
- A manufactured device or a prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any discharge load to a fixture or the drainage system.
- PLUMBING FIRM
- A sole proprietorship or corporation composed of Registered and Licensed Master Plumbers together with allied professionals, with the Master Plumbers composing the majority of the membership incorporators, directors, and/or executive officers, and Licensed Master Plumber only render work and services within the cognizance of a Registered Master Plumber and members of the allied professions also only render work and services within the cognizance of their respective professions.
- PLUMBING FIXTURES
- These are approved-type installed receptacles, devices, or appliances supplied with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage system to which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks, vats, and similar processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may be connected to or discharged into approved traps or plumbing fixtures as provided for in this Code. A floor drain is considered to be a fixture.
- PLUMBING OFFICIAL
- The Administrative Authority or the officer charged with the administration and enforcement of the National Plumbing Code, or his regularly authorized deputy.
- PLUMBING SYSTEM
- Includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems, vent pipes, roof drains, leaders, and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the property, water lines in the premises: potable, tap, hot and chilled water piping, potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same.
- PLUMBING UNIT
- The minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation includes:
- (1) water meter
(1) water closet
(1) lavatory
(1) shower head and drain to a bathtub or shower stall
(1) kitchen sink
(1) laundry tray
(3) floor drain
(4) faucets/hose bibb - 13 total plumbing fixture minimum
- (1) water meter
- The minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation includes:
- MASTER PLUMBER
- A person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the profession of Master Plumbing without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378, having passed the examination conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission, has received a Certificate of Registration from the Board of Master Plumbing, and possesses the current license to practice.
- NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
- Governs the practice of plumbing in the Philippines, the design, installation, and use of plumbing fixtures and materials in buildings.
- INVERT ELEVATION
- The lowest portion of the interior part of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical. The measurement of the inner wall of the pipe.
- DRUM TRAP
- A cylindrical trap is commonly used on the drain pipe from the bathtub or under the bathroom floor.
- INTEGRAL TRAP
- Trap that is built-in in the water closet.
- SOIL PIPE
- Any pipe, which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal, or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
- GRAY WATER
- Water coming from the lavatory, bathtub, etc. flows into the Waste Pipe.
- BLACK WATER
- Water coming from the water closet, urinal, and the like flows into the Soil Pipe.
- 14.75 psi
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE from the VTR.
- AIR GAP
- The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest openings of the pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance, or appurtenance to the flood level rim of the receptor/fixture.
- AIR BREAK
- A physical separation. which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance, or device indirectly
connected, at least 25mm.
- A physical separation. which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance, or device indirectly
The post Free Plumbing Review Guide 2022 (Part 1) appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post Free Online Master Plumber Reviewer No. 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Check our new Master Plumber Reviewer No. 1 in a new format. This particular reviewer consists of 100 questions. Try our free reviewer in preparation for the upcoming Master Plumber Examination this 2022. Good Luck.
Water pipes and building sewer, and storm drainage constructed on a clay material laid or run in the same trench within a building shall have at least vertical clearance at all points of ________________.
Thickness of Copper pans or liners shall be at least?
Cleanout under floor piping shall have a horizontal clearance from the mean of access not less than
Excessive water pressure in excess of 80 psi (551 kpa) shall be provided with a device to the reduce the pressure to the required supply pressure.
No under floor cleanout in any residential occupancy shall be located from access door, trap door, or crawl hole more than _________.
Air test shall be made for DWV by attaching air compressor to a minimum uniform gauge pressure of_______for the period of ___________.
Horizontal copper tubing, sized 38 mm and smaller in diameter shall be supported approximately?
A kind of valve that shall be provided for each fixture.
No water closet and bidet shall be set closer than from its center to center of a similar fixtures?
Over rim baths filler and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 25 mm in diameter when affective by the walls.
When potable water is discharged into the drainage system, it means than an approved air gap " with unobstructed atmospheric distance from the supply outlet and the top surface of the drainage inlet, but in no case shall the gap be less than 25 mm.
Overflow pipe from a fixture shall be connected to the house or
Horizontal screw pipe, sized 19 mm and smaller in diameter shall be supported approximately?
Water pipes and building sewer, and storm drainage constructed on a clay material laid or run in the same trench within a building shall have at least horizontal clearance at all points of ______________.
Each such tailpiece, continuous waste or overflows for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs, urinal and similar fixtures shall not less than?
The sum of all perforation of the strainer is equivalent to the?
Material should not be used for continuous waste and overflows tailpiece or trap for urinal?
Cleanout may be omitted on a short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of?
In the absence of local regulation, shower occupancies shall be provided with individual thermostatic mixing valve and shall be adjusted to deliver the maximum hot water temperature of ___________.
Ball cock shall be installed with the critical level at least _____ above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
Support trap arm as close as possible to the trap, if the trap arm excess in _______.
May be used for hot and cold water distribution system within a building.
Cleanout of an interceptor shall be installed
Horizontal lead pipe shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden backing at its _________.
Relief valve shall be set at a pressure of not more than _________.
Air may be substitute for a water piping test for hot and cold with a minimum of_______ for a period of ________
Vacuum breaker shall be installed at the discharge side of the flushometer valve with the critical level above the overflow rim of a water closet bowl or the highest part of a urinal.
Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe sized larger than the largest ___________.
Minimum area and dimension of a shower compartment shall be maintained from a shower drain outlet to a height of _________.
Minimum of building water service pipe?
ABS and PVC DWV shall be used for __________.
Lawn sprinkler system shall be equipped with a listed and installed at discharge side of each of the last shutoff valve.
Minimum distance between the door or entry to the drain opening of shower shall be?
Horizontal cast iron soil pipe with a length not exceeding 1.5 m in length shall be supported not more than interval
Valves up to and including 51mm in sized shall be _______ or other approved materials.
Water supply inlet to receptors not protected by atmospheric vacuum breaker shall be protected by approved ________.
If water pressure from the main will cannot provide a water pressure of at least 15 psi thus allowing friction and pressure losses, what will be added into the system to be able to provide a 15 psi?
Access and clearance for the backflow prevention assemblies shall require a minimum clearance from a lowest portion of a assembly and the grade floor or platform.
Restaurant and other special use sinks may be made of approved type bonderized and galvanized steel sheet of not less than
When joints are permitted on a copper tubing that are laid or run underground they shall be____________.
Drinking fountain should not installed in a?
No devices in a waterline supply system if the inlet/outlet is less than the _________ and __________.
Minimum water piping for hot and cold pressure test shall be test under a pressure of not less than_______ for a period of _______
Water closet and urinal tanks shall be equipped with a listed?
How many fixture units shall be allowed for a continuous flow into a drainage system like sump pump, ejector and air conditioning equipment for every 0.063 l/s(1gpm)?
Minimum air gaps for water distribution for sinks, laundry trays and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 19 mm in diameter when affected by the walls.
Cleanout under floor piping shall have a vertical clearance from means of access not less than
Joints of copper pans or liners shall be
No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be used unless the discharge of one inlet cannot enter into the other?
Horizontal plastic tube shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers for 38 mm and smaller in diameter at its __________.
Water pipes and fittings with a lead content that exceed 8% shall be prohibited and not used in ____________.
Union installed in water supply system shall be installed away from the regulating equipment like water heater, conditioning tank and similar equipment within ___________.
No water closet and bidet shall be set closer than from its center to any side of the wall or obstruction?
All shower compartments, regardless in shape shall have a minimum finish interior area of?
Valves over 51mm in size may be a ___________.
Horizontal copper tubing, sized 50 mm and larger in diameter shall be supported approximately?
All porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixture shall be
Minimum air gaps for water distribution for lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 13 mm in diameter when affected by the walls?
The covers of gravity tank shall be vented with a return bend pipe having an area of not less than the ________.
Installations elevated for more than 1.52 m above the floor grade of a backflow prevention assembly shall be provided with ________ capable of supporting a tester or maintenance person.
Maybe substitute for automatic flush tank?
Minimum section of water test for the DWV shall be_____ and shall be filled with water for a______ before the inspection starts
All small sized malleable iron water fittings shall be
Continuous waste and fixture tailpiece that such connection where exposed or accessible may be of seamless drawn brass not less than?
Tunnels shall have a clear height of______ above the pipe and shall be limited in length to ______the depth of a trench with a maximum length of _______. When pipe is driven, the drive pipe shall be at least ________than the pipe to be laid.
No urinal shall be set closer than from its center to any side of the wall or partition?
Water closet and urinal flushometer valve shall be equipped with a listed __________.
Shower threshold shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum of door width of?
Gutters and or gang shower room shall be spaced not more than?
Cleanout shall be provide at every ________ length.
All shower compartments, regardless in shape shall be capable of encompassing a
Horizontal cast iron soil pipe with a length exceeding 1.5 m in length shall be supported not more than interval
Prohibited fixtures for a water closet and urinal
Fittings may be used on vertical lines as a fixture connection
Valve use to prevent the tank from overflowing.
Fittings on screw pipe joint shall be_____ to the full bore of the pipe.
Continuous waste or tailpiece for lavatories, drinking fountain and similar small fixture shall not be less than?
Trenches of building drainage shall be backfilled in thin layers of ______m above the top of the pipe with clean earth which not contain materials which can the damage the pipe
Horizontal ground piping shall be laid on a firm bed at its _________.
An additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line exceeding at angle of _______.
Sixty (60) degree branches or offsets may be used only when installed in true
No vitrified clay pipe or fittings for building drain and sewer shall used _________.
Fitting shall be used horizontal to horizontal drainage line
Return bend vent pipe of a potable water storage tank shall be screened with a fined corrosion-resistant screen with opening not less than or nor more than __________.
Water pipes ,building sewer, and storm drainage constructed in clay material or not approved material for use with in a building shall not be run or laid in the __________.
_________ pipes shall have an outside protective coating of an approved material like bituminous coating and fiberglass wrapping.
A valve used to control two or more opening is called ________.
Horizontal screw pipe , sized 25 mm and larger in diameter shall be supported approximately?
Pressure loss in a water line in such devices in a water supply system must be included in ______________.
Backflow prevention for hot water over 43.3 °C shall be a listed type assembly design to operate at a temperature of _________ without rendering any portion of the assembly inoperative.
Cast iron fitting up to including 51 mm in size, when used in connection with potable water piping shall be ___________.
Backflow preventers shall not be located in any area containing fumes that are ___________.
Joints of lead pans or liners shall be______
Fixture having concealed slip joint connection shall be provided with an access panel or utility at least?
Over rim baths filler and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 25 mm in diameter when not affective by the walls.
Buried copper tubing where possible shall be installed with ______.
Water closet flushometer tanks shall be protective against backflow by an approved device called ___________.
No urinal shall be set closer than from its center to center of a similar fixtures?
Clean out may be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.5 m in length except
Changes and direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approve fittings.
Share your Results:
Please share this quiz to view your results.
The post Free Online Master Plumber Reviewer No. 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post Board Examination for Civil Engineers appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Board of Examiners for Civil Engineering
Praxedes B. Bernardo is chairman of the board while Romeo A. Estañero and Pericles P. Dakay are both members of the Board of Examiners for Civil Engineering.
Board Examination Venues
The venue for the Board examination for Civil Engineers will be in the cities of the National Capital Region (NCR), as well as Baguio, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Iloilo, Koronadal, Legaspi, Lucena, Pagadian, Pampanga, Rosales, Tacloban, Tuguegarao and Zamboanga. The board examination will be conducted simultaneously in these examination venues.
Subject Coverage
-
Applied Mathematics, Surveying, Principles of Transportation and Highway Engineering, Construction Management and Methods
This subject coverage is thirty-five percent (35%) relative weight and is comprised of the following topics;
- Calculus
- Differential Equations
- Engineering Date Analysis
- Numerical Methods
- Physics for Engineers
- Economics
- Construction Surveying and Layout
- Materials for Construction
- Highway Engineering
- Construction Occupational Safety and Health
- Transportation Engineering
- Quantity Surveying
- Construction Management Principles and Methods
-
Hydraulics and Principles of Geotechnical Engineering
This subject coverage which is thirty percent (30%) relative weight of which is comprised of the following topics;
- Fluid Properties
- Hydrostatics
- Fluid Flow
- Buoyancy and Flotation
- Relative Equilibrium of Liquids
- Hydrodynamics
- Water Supply Soil Properties
- Soils Classification
- Fluid Flow through Soil Mass
- Stresses in Soil Mass
- Soil Strength and Tests
- Bearing Capacity
- Compaction
- Consolidation and Settlement
- Lateral Earth Pressures
- Slope Stability
-
Principles of Structural Analysis and Design
This subject coverage is thirty-five percent (35%) relative weight. It is comprised of the following topics;
- Engineering Mechanics
- Strength of Materials
- Theory of Structures
- Reinforced Concrete Beams and Columns
- Prestressed Concrete Beams
- Steel Beams, Columns, and Connections, Footings, Construction Materials Testing
- Application of the Governing Codes of Practice
Credits to: https://www.prc.gov.ph
The post Board Examination for Civil Engineers appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post National Plumbing Code Chapter 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Administration
*Section 100 – Permit Required
To ensure compliance of the provisions of this Code, the professional services of a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber shall be enlisted in accordance with Republic Act No. 1378, the Plumbing Law”
It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, whether acting as principal, servant, agent or employee, to do or cause to be done any plumbing or drainage work for which a permit is required without securing prior permit from the Office of the Building Official having jurisdiction under the Department of Public Works and Highways, Department of Interior and Local Government or City Mayors.
**Section 101 – To Whom Permits may be Issued
No permit shall be issued to any person, firm or corporation, to do or cause to be done any installation of plumbing work regulated by this Code, except to a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber, holding a valid, unexpired and unrevoked certificate of registration as required by Republic Act No. 1378, as amended.
***Section 102 – Application for Permit
102.1 Application
A Registered and Licensed Master Plumber shall file an application at the Office of the Building Official in behalf of the building owner for whom such work shall be done and shall fill out the forms provided for that purpose. Every application shall:
102.1.1
Identify and describe the plumbing work to be covered by the permit for which an application is made;
102.1.2
Describe the land upon which the proposed plumbing work is to be done, legal description, street address or similar description that will readily identify and locate the proposed building or work;
102.1.3
Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed plumbing work is intended;
102.1.4
Be accompanied by plans, drawings, diagrams, computations, technical specifications, and other data as required in Subsection 102.2;
102.1.5
Give such other data and information as required by the Administrative Authority;
102.1.6
Be signed by the Owner or permittee, who is required to submit evidence to indicate such authority; and
102.1.7
Be signed and sealed by the Registered and Licensed Master Plumber.
Section 103 – Permit Issuance
103.1.1
The application, plans, technical specifications and other required documents filed by an applicant for a permit shall be reviewed by the Administrative Authority. Other concerned departments which verify compliance with other applicable laws may review such plans. If the Administrative Authority finds that the work described in an application for permit and the plans, specifications and other documents filed therewith conform to the requirements of the Plumbing Code and other pertinent laws and ordinances, and upon payment of the fees specified in Section 102, a permit shall then be issued to the Applicant.
103.1.2
When the Administrative Authority issues the permit he shall endorse in writing or stamp the plans and specifications as “APPROVED”. Such approved plans and specification shall no be changed, modified or altered without authorization from the Administrative Authority and all works shall be done in accordance with approved plans and specifications.
103.1.3
The Administrative Authority may issue a Partial Permit for the construction of a part of a large and/or complicated plumbing system before the entire plans and specifications for the whole system have been submitted or approved, provided adequate information and detailed statements have been filed, complying with all pertinent requirements of the Code. The holder of such partial permit may proceed at his work risk without assurance that the final permit for the entire building, structure or plumbing system will be granted.
103.2
Retention of Plans – One set of approved pans, specifications, computations and related data shall be retained by the Administrative Authority. Two (2) sets of approved plans, specifications and data shall be returned to the applicant and Owner. one (1) set of which shall be kept at the jobsite at all times while he work is in progress.
103.3
Validity of Permit – The issuance of a permit or approval of plans and specifications shall not be construed as a permit to violate any provision of this Plumbing Code or of any other applicable ordinances. The issuance of a permit based on submitted plans, specifications or other documents shall not prevent the Administrative Authority from thereafter requiring the correction of errors on said plans, specifications and other documents and from stopping an on-going plumbing installations violate of this Code or of other pertinent ordinances of this Jurisdiction
103.4
Expiration – A plumbing permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire and become null and void if the plumbing work authorized therein is not commenced within one year from the date of such permit or if the plumbing work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after having been commenced for a period of 120 days.
In case of renewal of a plumbing permit, a fee equivalent to one-half the amount of he original fee shall be paid.
*103.5
Suspension or Revocation – The Administrative Authority may, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this Code whenever issued in error or on the basis of incorrect information supplied or in violation of pertinent ordinances, rules and regulations.
Section 104 – Application for Existing Plumbing System
104.1
Additions, Alterations or Repairs – may be made to any existing plumbing system provided the addition, alteration or repair works conform to requirements for a new plumbing system. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not render an existing system unsafe, unsanitary or overloaded.
104.2
Changes in Building Occupancy – Plumbing systems which are part of any building or structure undergoing a change in use or occupancy, as defined in the National Building Code, shall comply with all requirements of this Code applicable to the changed use or occupancy.
104.3
Maintenance – All plumbing systems, materials and appurtenances, both existing and new, and all parts thereof shall be maintained in proper operating condition. All devices or safeguards required by this Code shall be maintained in conformance with the existing Code edition at the time the plumbing system was installed. The owner or his designated agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of plumbing systems. To determine compliance with this subsection, the Administrative Authority may cause the re-inspection of any plumbing system.
104.4
Moved Buildings – Plumbing system, which are part of buildings or structures in one place and moved into another Jurisdiction, shall comply with the provisions of this Code for new installation.
Section 105 – Inspections
105.1
General – All plumbing systems for which permits are required by this Code shall be inspected by the Administrative Authority. No portion of any plumbing system shall be concealed until inspected and approved. The Administrative Authority or his representative shall not be liable for expenses incurred in the removal and replacement of materials required to warrant proper inspection. When the installation of a plumbing system is complete, an additional and final inspection shall be made. Plumbing systems regulated by this Code shall not be connected to the water and energy fuel supplies nor to the sewer system until authorized by the Administrative Authority and other Agencies concerned.
All Administrative Plumbing Personnel, Plumbing Inspector shall be a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber in accordance with the provision of Republic Act 1378, otherwise, known as “Plumbing Law“.
105.2
Operation of Plumbing Equipment – The requirements of this Section do not prohibit the operation or use of any plumbing accessory installed to replace existing equipment or fixtures serving an occupied portion of the building when a request for inspection of such equipment or fixtures has been filed with the Administrative Authority not more than 72 hours after such replacement work is completed and before any portion of such plumbing system is concealed by any permanent portion of the building.
105.3
Testing of Systems – All plumbing systems shall be tested and approved as required by this Code or the Administrative Authority.
105.4
Inspection Requests – It shall be the duty of he person doing the plumbing work authorized by a permit to notify the Administrative Authority that such work is ready for inspection. The Administrative Authority requires that every request for inspection be filed at least three (3) working days before such inspection is intended. Such request shall be in writing and jointly signed by the Owner and the registered and Licensed Master Plumber – Contractor.
105.5
Other Inspection – In addition to the inspections required by this Code, the Administrative Authority may require other inspections of the plumbing work to comply with the other provisions of this Code, other pertinent laws and ordinances enforced by the Administrative Authority.
105.6 Reinspection’s
105.6.1
A fee will be charged on the Applicant for each inspection or re-inspection when a portion of the plumbing work for inspection is called for is not completed.
105.6.2
This provision shall not be intended as requiring re-inspection fees for the first time a job is rejected for failure with the requirements of this Code, but as deterrent on the practice of calling inspections before the job is ready for inspection or re-inspection.
105.6.3
Re-inspection fees shall be charged when the approved plans are not readily available to the Inspector, for failure to provide access and facility on the date when the inspection is requested, or for deviating from plans requiring the approval of the Administrative Authority.
105.6.4
To obtain re-inspection, the Applicant shall file an application, in writing, on a form furnished for that purpose and pay the re-inspection fee.
105.6.5
In instances where re-inspection fees have been assessed, but pending payment of required fess, no re-inspection of the work will be performed.
Section 106 – Connection Approval
106.1
Permanent Connection – no person shall install connections to any water supply line, sewer or storm drain systems as required by this Code and for which other applications and permits required from other Agencies before approval by the Administrative Authority.
106.2
Temporary Connections – Administrative Authority will endorse to other authorities or government agencies the issuance of temporary connections of the plumbing equipment to the water supply main, sewer main, power line and gas main for the purpose of testing the equipment.
Section 107 – Special Provisions
107.1
All Licensed Master Plumbers registered in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 1378 shall secure for themselves a seal of standard size and type as required. The same shall be used on all plumbing applications for permits and all plumbing plans prepared by Registered and Licensed Master Plumber as well as on all documents required in the practice of their profession. The seal shall be round in shape and shall be inscribed with the following:
107.1.1
Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at upper portion and round seal.
107.1.2
Name of Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at the upper center.
107.1.3
The registration number shall appear at the center below the name.
107.1.4
Philippines, appearing at the lower portion of the round seal.
Section 108 – Plumbing Fixtures Required
Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities in accordance with best practice for mobility of disabled persons as provided in the National Building Code of the Philippines or by other government departments having jurisdiction.
Previous: Master Plumber’s Code of Ethics
Next: Chapter 2
Check NAMPAP org here
The post National Plumbing Code Chapter 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post Master Plumber’s Code of Ethics 2022 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>A registered master plumber shall maintain a professional bearing consistent with an honorable and dignified pursuit of his/her profession, adhering to a set of conduct becoming of his/her calling, and shall not:
- Act in an unprofessional manner and demand any remuneration other than his/her original charges except for additional services not covered in the basic contract;
- Supplant another Registered Master Plumber after definite steps have already been taken toward his/her being commissioned to perform the contract;
- Underbid another Registered Master Plumber by reducing his/her professional fees after being informed of the fees charged by the other Registered Master Plumber;
- Take the advantage of a salaried government position to compete unfairly with a practicing Registered Master Plumber;
- Allow the use of his/her License as a Registered Master Plumber for a fee to an unlicensed Master Plumber in plumbing works without his/her personal supervision.
- Injure falsely or maliciously, directly or indirectly, the reputation of another Registered Master Plumber by reviewing his/her work for the same client unless the professional services of the former have been officially terminated and all professional fees have been dully paid by the client;
- Advertise in self-laudatory language, act in any manner and engage in any practice which tends to bring dishonor to the dignity of the Registered Master Plumber, the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP), and the plumbing profession.
Previous: Basic Principles
Next: Chapter 1 – Administration
Check NAMPAP org here
The post Master Plumber’s Code of Ethics 2022 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The post National Plumbing Code of the Philippines: Basic Principles (2022) appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>The basic principles of the 1999 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines is an update of the tenets established in the “Plumbing Law of the Philippines” approved 18 June 1955 as amended on 28 November 1959.
The basic goal of the 1999 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines is to ensure the unqualified observance of the latest provisions of the plumbing and environmental laws.
Principle No. 1 – All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage.
Principle No. 2 – Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal conditions of use.
Principle No. 3 – Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.
Principle No. 4 – Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating.
Principle No. 5 – Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system.
Principle No. 6 – Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen-type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.
Principle No. 7 – Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
Principle No. 8 – The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that pipes may be readily cleaned.
Principle No. 9 – All piping of plumbing systems shall be durable NAMPAP-APPROVED materials, free from defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.
Principle No. 10 – Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.
Principle No. 11 – The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
Principle No. 12 – Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
Principle No. 13 – Plumbing systems shall be subject to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship.
Principle No. 14 – No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.
Principle No. 15 – Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system.
Principle No. 16 – No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted an ventilated.
Principle No. 17 – If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.
Principle No. 18 – Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building.
Principle No. 19 – Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers.
Principle No. 20 – All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.
Principle No. 21 – Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
Principle No. 22 – Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
Previous: The History of Plumbing Practice in the Philippines
Next: Master Plumber’s Code of Ethics
Check NAMPAP org here
The post National Plumbing Code of the Philippines: Basic Principles (2022) appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>