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]]>Background
Burnham Park is named after the famous American architect Daniel Burnham. A bust has been erected to honor Architect Daniel Burnham – the city planner of Baguio City.
- Official Name – Burnham Park Reservation
- Administrator – City Government of Baguio through City Environment and Parks Management Office (CEPMO).
COVID-19 Pandemic
The park was closed during the early onset of the pandemic. While nobody was allowed to stroll in the park, businesses and activities were suspended. The flora and fauna somewhat flourished during the implementation of the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) which was left undisturbed during this time. It was an opportunity for the park especially its plants and flowers to regenerate from the inimical effects brought about by human activity and pollution. The park’s greenery was reinvigorated. However, as COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, the human activity of residents and tourists alike and buzzing businesses around the area is back to normal.
Why should you visit this tourist spot?
Baguio City is not called the City of Pines or the official Summer Capital of the Philippines for no reason, and one of the reasons is Burnham Park. A visit to the city is incomplete without visiting this park and experiencing what it can offer.
Activities and Attractions
This park has a lot to offer. The following are a must to include in your bucket list of activities if you plan on visiting this park.
- Boat Riding
- This is a must to experience, boats have different designs, there are swan boats, and paddle boats, and those who do not have the skill to paddle, can have the option to use pedal-driven boats with the same principle used in bikes.
- Boat Rental Fee – TBC
- Duration – TBC
- This is a must to experience, boats have different designs, there are swan boats, and paddle boats, and those who do not have the skill to paddle, can have the option to use pedal-driven boats with the same principle used in bikes.
- Biking
- It is also a must-experience, especially for kids and adults. A bike-exclusive road pavement is used for this purpose. Offered are a variety of bike designs, maybe single two-wheeled bikes, single three (3)-wheeled bikes and bikes with sidecars where two to three persons can ride at the same time.
- Bike Rental Fee – TBC
- Duration – TBC
- It is also a must-experience, especially for kids and adults. A bike-exclusive road pavement is used for this purpose. Offered are a variety of bike designs, maybe single two-wheeled bikes, single three (3)-wheeled bikes and bikes with sidecars where two to three persons can ride at the same time.
- Recreational Fishing
- Catch and release policy.
- Applicants must secure the necessary license/permit from the CEPMO before conducting fishing activity at Burnham Lake.
- The license is non-transferable.
- Applicants must be a resident of the city and must be knowledgeable about the basics of fishing.
- Bring your own fishing gear.
- Tourists and residents outside the city must secure a permit per fishing session.
- Registration Fee – TBC
- Requirements – Own fishing gear.
- Zumba
- Zumba exercises are a common site at the park. However, registration per group is required in order to be allowed to conduct such exercises.
- Football
- Melvin Jones Grandstand is the place to do such. There are football clinics organized by individuals that are done on any day but mostly on Saturdays and Sundays.
- Skating
- A skating rink has been constructed for skating enthusiasts in the city. The skating rink is adjacent to the Baguio Athletic Bowl. Stalls within the Skating Rink offers for rent roller blades.
- Roller Blades/ Skating Shoes Rental – TBC
- Duration – TBC
- The Rose Garden
- A nice place to stroll where you find kinds or variety of species of roses. One can enjoy the smell of newly bloomed rose flowers while enjoying the view of the adjacent fountain.
Things to remember when visiting Burnham Park
Burnham Park is a nice place to visit. It has so many things to offer. Residents and tourists alike must be responsible parkgoers to preserve its beauty. This can be achieved by doing the following.
- Throwing your garbage responsibly. There are garbage bins around the park.
- Being responsible dog owners. Dog owners walking with their dogs must always remember to have a plastic bag or any other container for their dog’s poo. Scattered dog droppings are a turnoff to anyone strolling in the park.
- Park in designated parking areas. Irresponsible parking creates traffic jams around the area. Be forewarned that there are deputized traffic enforcers that will apprehend illegally parked vehicles.
- Consumption of alcoholic drinks within the park is prohibited.
- Clean as you go.
- Follow local park laws.
Burnham Park Gallery
Gallery photos are to be uploaded soon! Be back for updates.
Check our page “SA NORTE” for more information regarding BAGUIO TOURIST SPOTS that are not to be missed, or click HERE
For more information about Baguio City please visit the Baguio City Government Official site
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]]>The post Asphalt in Road Pavement Free Online Reviewer 2022 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Importance of Asphalt to Highway Engineering
- When mixed with mineral aggregates to form the upper layers of the pavement structures holds the aggregates in position and give them resistance to displacement by traffic. It provides tensile strength to the asphalt mixture and enables the pavement to resist bending stresses due to traffic load.
- It also gives flexibility to the pavement and enables it to conform to minor irregularities of the base without failure.
- It is preferable to a cement concrete road due to its lower initial cost and more uniform riding surface.
- In more developed countries, there are more asphalt roads than cement concrete roads. In their road life studies, the average lifespan of all types of asphalt roads is twenty (20) years.
Characteristics of Asphalt
- Hydrocarbons that are soluble in carbon disulfide. At normal temperatures, they are in solid form, and when heated, they will soften and flow. When mixed with aggregates in their flaccid state, they solidify and bind the aggregates together forming a pavement surface.
- Highly waterproof and can seal the road surface against excess surface water.
- Highly cementitious. With the proper amount of bitumen at the road surface, it can bond granular particles together that will resist traffic wear and displacement.
- Bituminous road surfaces are relatively flexible and will adjust to base variations.
- When properly selected, the bitumen can maintain its ductility and bond which in return can withstand deterioration due to withering.
Sources and Nature
Bituminous materials used in road construction are from the distillation of crude oil. The distillation process can be accomplished by mechanical or natural means.
- Kinds of Bitumen
- Natural/rock asphalt – formed when crude petroleum oils work their way to the earth’s surface through cracks. Then the action of the wind and the sun drives off the lighter oils and gasses leaving behind black and plastic residue.
- Manufactured or petroleum asphalt – obtained by the distillation process from crude petroleum
- Asphalt Cement – 40-300 penetration grade
- Oxidized or Blown asphalt – 0-30 penetration grade
Classification, Chemical, and Physical Properties
Bitumen used in road construction is called asphalt cement, a highly viscous and sticky material.
- Classification and Grade
- Asphalt Cement
- Penetration grade
- Liquid Asphalt
- Cutback Asphalt – asphalt cement with solvent
- Medium Curing
- Rapid Curing
- Emulsified Asphalt – asphalt cement + water +emulsifier
- Anionic – negative charge
- Cationic – positive charge
- Cutback Asphalt – asphalt cement with solvent
- Asphalt Cement
- Chemical Properties
- It is basically composed of various hydrocarbons with traces of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. It is however composed of two main components such as the following.
- Asphaltene – This component gives color and hardness
- Maltene – This component is composed of resin which provides stickiness or adhesiveness and oil which influences viscosity and softness.
- Existing test for analyzing chemical composition requires sophisticated laboratory equipment and technical expertise not readily available in most laborites where such testing is done.
- It is basically composed of various hydrocarbons with traces of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. It is however composed of two main components such as the following.
- Physical Properties
- Consistency of asphaltic material ranges from very thin liquid to stiff semi-solid state. It is also graded by its consistency at given temperatures.
- Temperature Susceptibility – All bituminous materials are thermoplastic. This means that it becomes harder as its temperature decreases and softer it becomes when its temperature increases. It also varies among bituminous materials from different sources even if they are of the same grade. It is important to determine the temperature susceptibility of the bituminous material to be used in a paving mixture because it indicates the proper temperature when to mix the bitumen and aggregates and the proper temperature at which to compact the mixture on a roadbed.
- Adhesion and Cohesion
- Adhesion – It is the ability of the bituminous material to stick to the aggregates in a paving mixture.
- Cohesion – The bitumen’s ability to hold the aggregate particles firmly in place in the finished pavement.
- Durability – The resistance of the bitumen to change in properties due to weathering or aging which involves chemical and physical reaction called oxidation.
- Hardening – Bitumen tends to harden in the paving mixture during construction which occurs when heated to higher temperature.
- Physical Tests
- Consistency Test
- Viscosity Test – Measures the resistance to flow
- Penetration Test – Measures the distance that a standard needle will penetrate a sample at a given temperature in a specified time.
- Temperature Susceptibility Test
- Softening Point Test – It indicates the temperature at which the harder type of bitumen reaches an arbitrary degree of softening.
- Loss of Heating
- Determines the rate of loss of volatile oil of bitumen when heated and the change in penetration caused by excessive heating.
- Ductility Test
- Measures the ability of the bitumen to stretch without breaking.
- Flash Point
- Indicates safe heating temperature of bituminous materials.
- Specific Gravity
- This indicates the uniformity of bituminous product.
- Spot Test
- Determines if the bituminous material was overheated during production.
- Solubility Test
- Determines the bitumen content that is soluble in petroleum solvent.
- Distillation Test
- Determines the bituminous content of liquid asphalt.
- Sieve Test
- Determines the presence of larger globules of bituminous material in the emulsion.
- Cement Mixing Test
- Storage Stability Test
- Consistency Test
- Handling, Storage and Sampling – The inspector should be aware of the potential sources of contamination that might exist where the bituminous material is being stored and handled. It is because an inspector may be required to collect samples for testing. Inspectors must be able to identify and avoid practices that could lead to contamination of samples. Additionally, inspectors must understand the changes in volume that bituminous materials undergo when heated or cooled. It is especially important to be knowledgeable when comparing bituminous materials at quantities measured at different temperatures. 
- Safe Handling of Bituminous Materials – Bituminous materials are usually heated to a temperature exceeding 149 degrees Celsius to facilitate its use. Momentary contact can severely burn exposed flesh or skin. In case of skin burns, apply cold water or ice packs to reduce the heat. Use personal protective equipment to avoid exposure to fumes coming off from hot bituminous materials such as hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen and sulfur are naturally present in these materials.
- Storage
- Do not store in open areas exposed to rain.
- Storage areas must be clean to avoid contamination.
- Check storage drums for leakage and damage.
- Sampling
- Samples must be representative of the entire shipment.
- Contamination or other alteration of sample before testing will produce misleading test results. Misleading results obtained leads to wrong decisions such as rejection of entire shipments when it does in fact meets the specifications.
- Best practices to observe when doing sampling
- Use new and clean containers to avoid contamination.
- Seal filled containers with clean, dry and tight-fitting lids.
- Label containers clearly and properly.
Read more: CHECK HERE
Image Credit: Wikipedia
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]]>The post 2022 Civil Engineering Free Refresher Course 1 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>Subject coverage in the 2022 Civil Engineering Refresher Course 1 are Algebra and Trigonometry. It consists of 100 problem sets. Results and scores will be shown at the end of the quiz.
Check other Quizzes
The A-frame cabin is below 35 feet wide. The roof of the cabin makes a 55° angle with the cabin’s base. Find the length of one side of the roof from its ground level.
Eleven men can finish the job in 15 days. Five men were working at the start and after six days four men were added. How many days will it take to finish the job?
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Calculate the phase shift of the function.
What is the equivalent value of 630 degrees in centesimal system.
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Calculate the angle A.
SITUATION 4: Two sides of the triangle are 50 and 60. The angle included is 30° . Find the third side
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find tan θ.
Which of the following is a palindromic number?
Solve for x: 7x = 4x + 12
The diameter of a tumor D in mm , t in days after diagnosis is given by D(t) = 10e^0.0277t How long until the diameter is doubled?
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SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sin A > 0 and cot A > 0
A grocer bought a number of items for P 1440. Later the price increased by P 2.00 per item and as a result he received 24 fewer items for the same amount. Find the number of items bought first.
Find the locus of a point the sum of the squares of whose distances from (2,3) and (-1,-2) is 34.
For a given function f(t) = f(-t). What type of symmetry does f(t) have?
An isosceles triangle has an area of 46 m2. One side of the equal interior angle is 65.5° What is the perimeter of the triangle in meters?
It is usually defined as the angle made by the ray drawn and it can be read from north or south.
Find the trigonometric function asked of certain angles in standard position of the given points are onthe terminal side of the angles. The tangent function at (0,4).
Find the number of terms 5 ,8 , 11 … of which sum is 1025.
There is a fixed circle having a radius of 5 with center at (4,8). Find the equation of the curve connecting the centers of all circles that are tangent to this fixed circle and the x-axis.
Solve for x: cos 2x – 3sinx + 1 = 0 I. π/6 II. 5π/6 III. 0
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Solve for x and y:
Calculate the following sum:
ctto
Klay Thompson left from Warriors game at past 3:00 pm as indicated in his watch. Between two to three hours later, he returned at Oracle Arena and he noticed that the hands of the watch interchanged. At what time did he left his home?
Compute the value of B.
ccto
Solve for x:
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find angle A.
A river flows due south at 125 ft/min. A motorboat, moving at 475 ft/min in still water, is headed due east across the river. Find the direction in which the boat moves and its speed.
Evaluate: 1/2 * 2/3 * … 2016/2017
The perimeter of triangle ABC is 300 m , A = 36° , B = 58° and C = 86° . Determine the side opposite the biggest angle.
Solve for x: |x - 2| + 1 = x
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Which of the following is NOT a perfect number?
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the side b.
Twelve workmen employed on a building site earn between them, a total of P 2415 per week. Laborers are paid P 175 per week and craftsmen earn P 220 per week. How many craftsmen are employed?
At what time after 12 noon will the minute hand and hour hand of a clock be on a straight line for the first time?
An engineering component has a mass of 400 g. If each of its dimensions are reduced by 30% , determine the new mass.
Find the 5th term of the expansion (2 – x)^ 6?
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Calculate the time required for one cycle.
SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sin A 0
Divide 60 into two parts with the ratio of 2:3.
Find the summation of (5K – 3) from K = 1 to K = 16.
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The sum of the ages of the two brothers is 20. In five years, one is twice the another. Find the present ages of the two brothers.
Compute the distance between the directrices of the curve 9x^2 – 25y^2 – 54x – 250y + 481 = 0.
The geometric mean of two numbers is 6 while the arithmetic mean is 4. Find the product of geometric and harmonic means.
Factor the following: ax + ay – bx – by
If d = 1000 – 200q and c = 4000 + 20d , find c as a function of q.
The angles of elevation of the top of the tower at two points 30 m and 80 from the foot of the tower, on a horizontal line, are complimentary. What is the height of the tower?
Simplify this radical:
The sum of the sides of the triangle ABC is equal to 400 m. A = 38°, B = 58°. Find the side AC in meters.
A hyperbola has the equation x^2 – 8x – 4y^2 + 64y = 256, find the center of hyperbola.
The value of e that is 2.71828… is called:
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A ship P sails at a steady speed of 45 kph in a W 32° N from a point. At the same time, another ship Q leaves the port at a steady speed of 35 kph in a direction N 15° E. Determine their distance apart after 4 hours.
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the angle B.
Find the constant term of the third term in the expansion of (2x + y)^6.
Find the value of k so that the equation 4x^2 + kx + 9 = 0 has one root equal to -3
SITUATION 7: Solve the right spherical triangle given c = 112° 48’ and A = 56° 11’ 56”. Find the side a.
Find the value of x in (3 )^5 (9 )^6 = 3^2x
A car travels northward from point D for one hour, then northward for 30 mins., then shifted N 30° E. the bus constant speed is 64.7 km. directly away from D. how long in hours has it travelled?
What kind of symmetry, if any, does the graph of y = x^2 – 16 have?
A ship sailing due east when a light is observed bearing N 62° 10’ E. After the ship has travelled 2250 m, the light bears N 48° 25’ E. If the course is continued, how close will the ship approach the light?
Find the 2017th digit in the decimal equivalent of 2017/9999.
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Find the nth term of the series 1, 4 ,7 , 10 , 13…
Simplify: (-54s)(-4/9)
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find sin θ.
Find the remainder of 3x^3 – x^2 – 8x + 5 when divided by x + 2
SITUATION 5: Identify the quadrants of the following: sec A 0
SITUATION 4: Two sides of the triangle are 50 and 60. The angle included is 30° . If cot 2A = tan 3A , find the value of A in degrees.
A is 8% taller than B , while B is 9% taller than C. By how much percent is A taller than C?
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 112° 40’
An equilateral triangle has an altitude of 5√3 cm long. Find the area of the triangle.
These are angles whose sum is 360°
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Solve this trigonometric equation: 2cos x + sec x = 3.
Two lines are represented by the equations -1/2 y = 6x + 10 and y = mx. Find the value of m such that the lines will be parallel.
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Find the length of the side 6 in meters
The perimeter of a triangle is 84 m while its area is 102 m2. Determine the diameter of the circle that may be inscribed in this triangle.
The power is required to operate a turbine varies directly as the cube of the speed. If ½ horsepower will operate at a speed of 100 rev/min, how fast will 4 horsepower operate it?
Simplify: (a-x)(b-x)…(z-x)
Compute the value of C
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , If tan B = x/ √(1-x^2), what is cos B ?
Every student at a particular technological institute is required to take preboard exams. A student who passes it will take Design and the other one who fails will take Hydraulics. In a batch of 1240 students there are more students took Hydraulics than Design. However if there are 30 more students who passed the preboard, each subject would have the same enrolment. How many students took Hydraulics?
Rewrite as a single function of an angle: tan 37° + tan 68° / 1 – tan 37°tan 68°
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SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Calculate the angle C.
The Father of Trigonometry.
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° Find the period of the function y = 3 cot 1/2 t.
SITUATION 2: You are given the trigonometric function y = - 2sin(πt/4 + π/2) , Find the maximum displacement.
One number is more than the another and the sum is 71. Find the larger number.
SITUATION 1: The sides of the triangle are a = 23.9 m , b = 36.3 m. The angle opposite b is 102.7° In triangle DEF , DE = 18 , EF = 6 . The length FD must be:
What is the sum of the roots of the equation 3x^2 – 4x + 6 = 0?
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find side c.
The following are the zeros of this equation x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24 EXCEPT:
The Greenwich mean time of Manila is +8. What is the GMT of Tokyo?
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Compute the value of A.
SITUATION 8: Using the law of tangents, find to the nearest degree, the measure of the other two angles of a triangle in which a = 14 , b = 11 , C = 56°. Find angle B.
The principal value of the equation sin x = cos x is:
How many triangles can be formed given a = 31.5 , b = 51.8 , and A = 33° 40’.
Solve for x: 10x + 10x+1 = 5x + 5x+1 + 5x+2
SITUATION 6: Given the cosine function equal to 60/61 , Find csc θ
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 12° 12’ 20”
SITUATION 3: Answer the following by converting from degrees to radians. 25°
The length of a triangle exceeds twice its width by 3 inches. If the area of the rectangle is 10 , calculate the measure of the width.
One liter of a 25% solution is mixed with 3 liters of a 40% solution. What is the percentage of sugar in the new mixture?
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]]>The post CIVIL ENGINEERING LAW RA 544 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>(As Amended by R.A. 1582)
An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering
in the Philippines
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:
Article I
TITLE OF THE ACT AND DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 1. Title of Act.” This Act shall be known as the “Civil Engineering Law.”
Section 2. Definition of Terms.”
(a) The practice of civil engineering within the meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace services inthe form of consultation, design, preparation of plans, specifications, estimates, erection, installation and
supervision of the construction of streets, bridges, highways, railroads, airports and hangars, port works,
canals, river and shore improvements, lighthouses, and dry docks; buildings, fixed structures for irrigation, flood
protection, drainage, water supply and sewerage works; demolition of permanent structures; and tunnels. The
enumeration of any work in this section shall not be construed as excluding any other work requiring civil
engineering knowledge and application.
(b) The term “civil engineer” as used in this act shall mean a person duly registered with the Board for
Civil Engineers in the manner as hereinafter provided.
Article II
BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
Section 3. Composition of Board.” Within thirty days after the approval of this Act there shall be created
a Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers, hereinafter referred to as the Board, to be composed of a chairman
and two members who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the
Commissioner of PRC. The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three years after appointment
or until their successors shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. The first members of the Board
appointed under this Act shall hold office for the following terms: One member for one year; one member for
two years; and one member for three years. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath
of office before entering upon the performance of his duties. Any member of the Board may be removed by the
President of the Philippines, upon recommendation by the Professional Regulation Commission for neglect of
duty, incompetency, malpractice, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or dishonorable conduct, after having
been given opportunity to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation: Provided, That during the
process of investigation, the President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the PRC, shall have the
power to suspend such member under investigation and shall appoint a temporary member in his place.
Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the un expired term only.
Section 4. Powers and Duties of the Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers is vested with authority,
conformable with the provisions of this Act, to administer oaths, issue, suspend and revoke certificates of
registration for the practice of civil engineering, issue certificates of recognition to civil engineers already
registered under this Act for advanced studies, research, and/or highly specialized training in any branch of civil
engineering subject to the approval of the PRC, to investigate such violations of this Act and the regulations,
there under as may come to the knowledge of the Board and, for this purpose, issue subpoena and subpoena
duces tecum to secure appearance of witnesses in connection with the charges presented to the Board, to
inspect at least once a year educational institutions offering courses in civil engineering, civil engineering works,
projects or corporations, established in the Philippines and, for safeguarding of life, health and property, to
discharge such other powers and duties as may affect ethical and technological standards of the civil
engineering profession in the Philippines. For the purpose of this Act, the Director of Public Works and/or his
authorized representative in the provinces and chartered cities shall be ex-officio agents of the Board and as
such it shall be their duty to help in the enforcement of the provisions of this Act. The Board may, with the
approval of the Professional Regulation Commission issue such rules and regulations as may be deemed
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. The board shall also adopt a code of ethics in the practice of
civil engineering and have an official seal to authenticate its official documents.
Section 5. Qualifications of Board Members.” Each member of the Board shall, at the time of his
appointment:
a. Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
b. Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
c. Be a graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally constituted school, institute,
college or university.
d. Be a registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil engineering in the Philippines;
e. Have practiced civil engineering, with a certificate as such, for a period of not less than ten years
prior to his appointment.
f. Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college, or university where civil
engineering course is taught, nor have a pecuniary interest in such institutions;
g. No former members of the faculty of any school, institute or university where civil engineering is
taught can become a member of the Board unless he had stopped teaching for at least three
consecutive years.
Section 6. Fees and Compensation of Board.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall charge for each
application for examination the sum of P100 (one hundred) payable to the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC upon filing of said application, and for each certificate of registration, fifty pesos. Each member of the
Board shall receive a compensation of fifteen pesos for each applicant examined. A civil engineer in the service
of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines appointed as member of the Board shall receive the
compensation as herein provided, in addition to his salary in the Government. All authorized expenses of the
Board, including the compensation provided for herein, shall be paid by the collecting and disbursing officer of
the PRC out of such appropriation as may be made for the purpose. (See RA 6511 & PD 223)
Section 7. Annual Report.” The Board shall, at the end of each fiscal year, submit to the PRC a detailed
report of its activities and proceedings during the period covered by the fiscal year ended.
Article III
EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Section 8. Examination Requirement.” All applicants for registration for the practice of civil engineering
shall berequired to pass a technical examination as hereinafter provided.
Section 9. Holding of Examination.” Examination of candidates desiring to practice civil engineering in
the Philippines shall be given in the City of Manila of each year, provided that such days do not fall on official
holidays, otherwise the examinations shall be held on the days next following.
Section 10. Subjects of Examination.” Applicants for certificate of registration as civil engineer shall be
examined, in the discretion of the Board, on the following subjects: mathematics, including algebra, plane and
spherical trigonometry, analytics, descriptive and solid geometry, differential and integral calculus, and rational
and applied mechanics; hydraulics; surveying, including highway and railroad surveying; plane, topographic and
hydrographic surveying, and advance surveying; design and construction of highways and railroads, masonry
structures, wooden and reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, towers, walls, foundations, piers, ports, wharves,
aqueducts, sanitary engineering works, water supply systems, dikes, dams and irrigation and drainage canals.
Section 11. Executive Officer of the Board.” The Commissioner of Professional Regulation Commission
shall be the executive officer of the Board and shall conduct the examinations given by the said Board. He shall
designate any subordinate officer of the Professional Regulation Commission to act as the Secretary and
custodian of all records including examination papers and minutes of the deliberation of the Board.
Section 12. Qualifications for Examination.” Any person applying for admission to the civil engineering
examination as herein provided shall, prior to the date of the examination, establish to the satisfaction of the
Board that he has the following qualifications:
a. Be at least twenty-one years of age;
b. Be a citizen of the Philippines;
c. Be of good reputation and moral character; and
d. Be a graduate of a four-year course in civil engineering from a school, institute, college or
university recognized by the Government or the State wherein it is established.
Section 13. Oath of Civil Engineers.” All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to
take a professional oath before the Board of Civil Engineers or other Government Officials authorized to
administer oaths, prior to entering upon the practice of the civil engineering profession.
Section 14. Seal and Use of Seal.” All registered civil engineers shall obtain a seal of such design as
the Board shall authorize and direct: Provided, however, That the serial number of the certificate issued by the
Board shall be included in the design of the seal. Plans and specifications prepared by, or under the direct
supervision of a registered civil engineer shall be stamped with said seal during the life of the registrant’s
certificate, and it shall be unlawful for any one to stamp or seal any documents with said seal after the
certificate of registrant named thereon has expired or has been revoked, unless said certificate shall have been
renewed or re-issued.
Section 15. Exemption from Registration.”
- Registration shall not be required of the following persons:
a. Officers or enlisted men of the United States and Philippine Armed Forces, and civilian
employeesof the Government of the United States stationed in the Philippines while rendering
civil engineering services for the United States and/or Philippines.
b. Civil engineers or experts called in by the Philippine Government for consultation, or specific
designand construction of fixed structures as defined under this Act, provided that their practice
shall be limited to such work. - Any person residing in the Philippines may make plans on specifications for any of the following:
a. Any building in chartered cities or in towns with building ordinances, not exceeding the space
requirement specified therein, requiring the services of a civil engineer.
b. Any wooden building enlargement or alteration which is to be used for farm purposes only and
costingnot more than ten thousand pesos.
c. Provided, however. That there shall be nothing in this Act that will prevent any person from
constructing his own (wooden or light material) residential house, utilizing the services of a
person or persons required for the purpose, without the use of a civil engineer, as long as he
does no violate local ordinances of the place where the building is to be constructed. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent draftsmen, student clerk-or-work, superintendents, and other
employees of those lawfully engaged in the practice of civil engineering under the provisions of this Act, from
acting under the instruction, control or supervision of their employer. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent any person who prior to the approval of this Act have been
lawfully engaged in the practice of “maestro de obras” to continue as such, provided they shall not undertake
the making of plans supervision for the following classes of work:
a. Building of concrete whether reinforced or not.
b. Building of more than two stories.
c. Building with frames of structural steel.
d. Building of structures intended for public gathering or assemblies such as theaters,
cinematographs, stadia, churches, or structures of like nature. - Nor shall anything in this Act prevent professional architects and engineers to practice their
professions.
Section 16. Refusal to Issue Certificate.” The Board for Civil Engineers shall not issue a certificate to
any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude, or to
any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or to any person guilty of immoral or dishonorable
conduct, or to any person of unsound mind. In the event of a refusal to issue a certificate to any person, the
Board shall give to the applicant a written statement setting forth its reason for such action, which statement
shall be incorporated in the records of the Board.
Section 17. Suspension and Revocation of Certificates. “ The Board shall have the power, after due
notice and hearings to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration for any cause mentioned in the
preceding section.
Section 18. Re-issue and Replacement of Certificates. “ The Board may, after the expiration of one year
from the date of certificate of registration is revoked and for reasons it may deem sufficient, entertain an
application for a new certificate of registration from the registrant concerned. Such application shall be
accomplished in the same form prescribed for examination, but the Board may, in its discretion, exempt the
applicant from taking the requisite examination.
Section 19. Transitory Provisions.” As soon as this Act takes effect, any person desiring to practice the
profession of civil engineering shall be required to obtain a certificate of registration in the manner and under
the conditions hereinafter provided. All civil engineers duly licensed under the provisions of Act Numbered
Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, at the time this Act takes effect, shall be automatically
registered under the provisions hereof. Certificates of registration held by such persons in good standing shall
have the same force and effect as though the same have been issued under the provisions of this Act. All
graduates in civil engineering from a school, institute, college, or university recognized by the Government who
have passed the civil service examination for senior civil engineer and have been practicing or employed in the
Government as such during five years are exempted from taking examination.
Article IV
ENFORCEMENT OF ACT AND PENAL PROVISIONS
Section 20. Enforcement of the Act by officers of the law.” It shall be the duty of all duly constituted law
officers of the national, provincial, city and municipal governments, or any political subdivisions thereof, to
enforce the provisions of this Act and to prosecute any person violating the same.
Section 21. Registration required.” Unless exempt from registration, no person shall practice or offer to
practice civil engineering in the Philippines without having obtained the proper certificate of registration from the
Board for Civil Engineers.*
Section 22. Penal provisions.” Any person who shall practice or offer to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines without being registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act or any person presenting or
attempting to use as his own the certificate of registration of a registered civil engineer, or any person who shall
give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board, or any person who shall impersonate any registrant
civil engineer of different name or any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended certificate of
registration, or any person who shall use in connection with his name or otherwise assume, use or advertise
any title or description tending to convey the impression that he is a civil engineer, without holding a valid
certificate of registration, or any person who shall violate any of the provision of this Act, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than five hundred pesos nor more
than two thousand pesos, or to suffer imprisonment for a period of not less than six months not more than one
year, or both, in the discretion of the court.
Article V
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 23. Preparation of plans and supervisions of construction by registered civil engineer.” It shall
be unlawful for any person to order or otherwise cause the construction, reconstruction, or alteration of any
building or structure intended for public gathering or assembly such as theaters, cinematographs, stadia,
churches or structures of like nature, and any other engineering structures mentioned in section two of this Act
unless the designs, plans, and specifications of same have been prepared under the responsible charge of, and
signed and sealed by a registered civil engineer, and unless the construction, reconstruction and/or alteration
thereof are executed under the responsible charge and direct supervision of a civil engineer. Plans and designs
of structures must be approved as provided by law or ordinance of a city or province or municipality where the
said structure is to be constructed.
Section 24. The practice of civil engineering is a professional service, admission to which must be
determined upon individual, personal qualifications. Hence, no firm, partnership, corporation or association may
be registered or licensed as such for the practice of civil engineering: Provided, however, That persons properly
registered and licensed as civil engineers may, among themselves or with a person or persons properly
registered and licensed as architects, form, and obtain registration of, a firm, partnership or association using
the term “Engineers” or “Engineers and Architects,” but, nobody shall be a member or partner of such firm,
partnership or association unless he is duly licensed civil engineer or architect, and the members who are civil
engineers shall only render work and services proper for a civil engineer, as defined in this Act, and the
members who are architects shall also only render work and services proper for an architect, as defined in the
law regulating the practice of architecture; individual members of such firms, partnership or association shall be
responsible for their own respective acts.
Section 25. Reciprocity requirements.” No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines at the time he
applies to take the examination shall be allowed to take it unless he can prove in the manner provided by the
Rules of Court that, by specific provision of law, the country of which he is a citizen, subject, or national either
admits citizens of the Philippines to the practice of the same profession without restriction or allows them to
practice it after an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects, or nationals of the
country concerned, including the unconditional recognition of degrees issued by institutions of learning duly
recognized for the purpose by the Government of the Philippines: Provided, That if he is not a citizen of the
Philippines, and was admitted to the practice of a profession in the Philippines after December 8, 1941, his
active practice in that profession, either in the Philippines or in the state or country where he was practicing his
profession, shall not have been interrupted for a period of two years or more prior to July 4, 1946, and that the
country or state from which he comes allows the citizens of the Philippines by specific provision of law, to
practice the same profession without restriction or on terms of strict and absolute equality with citizens, subjects
or nationals of the country or state concerned.
Section 26. Roster of civil engineers.” A roster showing the names and places of business of all
registered civil engineers shall be prepared by the Commissioner of PRC periodically but at least once a year.
Copies of this roster shall be placed on file with the PRC and furnished to all department heads, mayors of all
chartered cities, to the Director of Public Works, to such other Bureaus, government entities or agencies and
municipal and provincial authorities as may be deemed necessary and to the public upon request.
Section 27. Repeal.” All laws, parts of laws, orders, ordinances, or regulations in conflict with the
provisions hereof; including parts of Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, as amended, as
pertains to the practice of civil engineering, are hereby repealed, except the provisions of Act Numbered Thirtyone hundred and fifty nine amending Act Numbered Twenty-nine hundred and eighty-five, pertaining to the
practice of “maestro de obras.”
Section 28. Construction of Act.” If any part or section of this Act shall be declared unconstitutional,
such declarations shall not invalidate the other provisions hereof.
Section 29. Effectivity.” This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
Approved, June 17, 1950 (As amended by R.A. No. 1582, approved on June 16, 1956).
Other posts related to Civil Engineering. Or check here.
Check PRC Board Results for Civil Engineers or prc.gov.ph.
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]]>E. SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM, REFUSE AND HANDLING
- SEPTIC TANK. A receptacle or water-tight vault is used to collect organic waste discharge from the house sewer and designed and constructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest the organic matter through a period of detention, and allow the effluent to discharge into a storm drain.
- CATCH BASIN. A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time to deposit ‘settleable’ materials.
- PUBLIC SEWER MAIN. A public sanitary waste disposal system consists of a treatment unit that conveys the raw waste to the disposal system.
- A common way of disposing of solids is by INCINERATION. This is a controlled burning of combustible waste. This can be an effective waste reduction method for 70 percent of all municipal waste. If this is operated properly, it can reduce bulk by 90 to 95 percent. Ash left over is generally disposed off in a landfill.
- Another method of disposing of municipal solid wastes is by dumping refuse at a pre-planned site, compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This method is called a
SANITARY LANDFILL. - When garbage from different floors of a high-rise building is disposed off from an opening and is directly led to the basement garbage bin. This is called the RUBBISH CHUTES.
- GARBAGE DISPOSER. This is a contraption inverted to dispose of leftovers straight from the kitchen sink. Simply turn on the faucet, flick the power switch and place the leftovers such as bones, fruit pits, rotten vegetables, spoiled bones and washed down the drain pipes.
- After the ground preparation, a LINER should be laid out on the area enclosed for the sanitary landfill. The main purpose is to prevent the seepage of leachate (dirty water, to cause liquid to percolate) deep down to the groundwater strata. This consists of soil or composite material such as synthetic plastic or asphalt sheets.
- TRENCH METHOD. A method of landfill wherein a tractor digs a trench with a bulldozer blade and trucks dump the refuse to it. Then the tractor compacts the refuse thoroughly and covers it with the earth that was dug up earlier. This method is primarily used on ground level.
- AREA METHOD. This method of landfill is generally
used on rolling terrain where the existing slope of the land can be used as a basin. In this method, trucks deposit refuse over the selected area. Huge, heavy tractors with special compacting wheels press down the refuse. Then the refuse is covered with earth hauled in from elsewhere. - Collection of human wastes is done by elaborate systems to carry most liquid sewage to WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, where the sewage undergoes a series of treatment steps to remove polluting materials and biological and chemical contaminants that can harm human health or ecological systems. The first stage is the trapping or screening of coarse suspended matter into a grit chamber. Then the use of aerobic microorganisms to break down the organic matter left in the sewage is called biological oxidation. Then the third phase, chemical treatments are used to remove undesirable constituents that remain. What results is drinking quality water.
- BIDET. A fixture that appears like a water closet, since
a person sits down on it. But it is designed as a combination lavatory that can plug the drain and collect hot & cold water, with an inverted water sprayer to clear the most delicate and well-guarded parts of the body.
F. MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
- What determines the size of a leaching field? PERCOLATION TEST
- What is an important concern in the private water supply?
HARDNESS - What part of the water supply design is affected by building height? STATIC HEAD
- Statements:
- Correct
- Dry pipe sprinkler systems are more efficient than wet pipe systems.
- The hazard classification does not necessarily affect sprinkler layout.
- Correct
- The pressure in a city water main is (0.39273 MPa). If the pressure loss through piping, fittings, and the water meter has been calculated as 231 psi (o.15847 MPa) and the highest fixture requires 12 psi (0.08268 MPa) to operate, what is the maximum height the fixture can be above the water main? 50 FEET (15M)
- You have been retained by a client to design a house in a
suburban location. The nearest water main is one block
away (about 1000M) and the city has no plans to extend the line in the near future. City and county regulations do permit the drilling of wells. What should you recommend your client regarding water supply? ESTIMATE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE MUNICIPAL LINE, SINCE THE WATER QUALITY IS KNOWN AND IT WOULD ENSURE A LONG-TERM SUPPLY. CONSULT WITH NEARBY PROPERTY OWNERS WHO PLAN TO BUILD IN THE AREA TO SEE IF THEY WOULD BE WILLING TO SHARE THE COST OF EXTENDING THE LINE. - Which statements about drainage are correct?
- Correct:
- Vents help prevent the drainage of water from traps.
- The house drain cannot also be called the building sewer.
- Cleanouts are always a necessary part of a drainage system.
- Correct:
- Water hammer most often occurs when:
WATER SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN THE FLOW IS TURNED OFF. - One component of a plumbing system that every building has is a: STACK VENT
- Select the incorrect statements:
- Correct:
- Several types of plastic can be used for cold water piping, but only PVDC is used for hot water supply where allowed by local codes.
- Steel pipe is more labor intensive and requires more space than copper pipes in plumbing chases.
- ABS is suitable for water supply.
- Correct:
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]]>- PLUMBING
- It is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids, substances, and/or ingredients and removing them and such water, liquid, and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life, and property.
- PLUMBING APPLIANCE
- Any one of a special class of device or equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function. Its operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more energy components such as motors, heating elements, and pressure-temperature-sensing elements. Pipe hangers and support are considered one.
- PLUMBING APPURTENANCE
- A manufactured device or a prefabricated assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any discharge load to a fixture or the drainage system.
- PLUMBING FIRM
- A sole proprietorship or corporation composed of Registered and Licensed Master Plumbers together with allied professionals, with the Master Plumbers composing the majority of the membership incorporators, directors, and/or executive officers, and Licensed Master Plumber only render work and services within the cognizance of a Registered Master Plumber and members of the allied professions also only render work and services within the cognizance of their respective professions.
- PLUMBING FIXTURES
- These are approved-type installed receptacles, devices, or appliances supplied with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage system to which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks, vats, and similar processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may be connected to or discharged into approved traps or plumbing fixtures as provided for in this Code. A floor drain is considered to be a fixture.
- PLUMBING OFFICIAL
- The Administrative Authority or the officer charged with the administration and enforcement of the National Plumbing Code, or his regularly authorized deputy.
- PLUMBING SYSTEM
- Includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems, vent pipes, roof drains, leaders, and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the property, water lines in the premises: potable, tap, hot and chilled water piping, potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same.
- PLUMBING UNIT
- The minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation includes:
- (1) water meter
(1) water closet
(1) lavatory
(1) shower head and drain to a bathtub or shower stall
(1) kitchen sink
(1) laundry tray
(3) floor drain
(4) faucets/hose bibb - 13 total plumbing fixture minimum
- (1) water meter
- The minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation includes:
- MASTER PLUMBER
- A person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the profession of Master Plumbing without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378, having passed the examination conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission, has received a Certificate of Registration from the Board of Master Plumbing, and possesses the current license to practice.
- NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
- Governs the practice of plumbing in the Philippines, the design, installation, and use of plumbing fixtures and materials in buildings.
- INVERT ELEVATION
- The lowest portion of the interior part of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical. The measurement of the inner wall of the pipe.
- DRUM TRAP
- A cylindrical trap is commonly used on the drain pipe from the bathtub or under the bathroom floor.
- INTEGRAL TRAP
- Trap that is built-in in the water closet.
- SOIL PIPE
- Any pipe, which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal, or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
- GRAY WATER
- Water coming from the lavatory, bathtub, etc. flows into the Waste Pipe.
- BLACK WATER
- Water coming from the water closet, urinal, and the like flows into the Soil Pipe.
- 14.75 psi
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE from the VTR.
- AIR GAP
- The unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest openings of the pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance, or appurtenance to the flood level rim of the receptor/fixture.
- AIR BREAK
- A physical separation. which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance, or device indirectly
connected, at least 25mm.
- A physical separation. which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste receptor from the fixture, appliance, or device indirectly
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]]>Check our new Master Plumber Reviewer No. 1 in a new format. This particular reviewer consists of 100 questions. Try our free reviewer in preparation for the upcoming Master Plumber Examination this 2022. Good Luck.
Union installed in water supply system shall be installed away from the regulating equipment like water heater, conditioning tank and similar equipment within ___________.
Continuous waste and fixture tailpiece that such connection where exposed or accessible may be of seamless drawn brass not less than?
All porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixture shall be
Water closet and urinal tanks shall be equipped with a listed?
Backflow prevention for hot water over 43.3 °C shall be a listed type assembly design to operate at a temperature of _________ without rendering any portion of the assembly inoperative.
May be used for hot and cold water distribution system within a building.
Continuous waste or tailpiece for lavatories, drinking fountain and similar small fixture shall not be less than?
Fixture having concealed slip joint connection shall be provided with an access panel or utility at least?
No under floor cleanout in any residential occupancy shall be located from access door, trap door, or crawl hole more than _________.
Horizontal plastic tube shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers for 38 mm and smaller in diameter at its __________.
The covers of gravity tank shall be vented with a return bend pipe having an area of not less than the ________.
Fittings on screw pipe joint shall be_____ to the full bore of the pipe.
Valves up to and including 51mm in sized shall be _______ or other approved materials.
Clean out may be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.5 m in length except
Cast iron fitting up to including 51 mm in size, when used in connection with potable water piping shall be ___________.
All shower compartments, regardless in shape shall be capable of encompassing a
When joints are permitted on a copper tubing that are laid or run underground they shall be____________.
Fittings may be used on vertical lines as a fixture connection
No vitrified clay pipe or fittings for building drain and sewer shall used _________.
Gutters and or gang shower room shall be spaced not more than?
In the absence of local regulation, shower occupancies shall be provided with individual thermostatic mixing valve and shall be adjusted to deliver the maximum hot water temperature of ___________.
Support trap arm as close as possible to the trap, if the trap arm excess in _______.
Cleanout shall be provide at every ________ length.
Minimum water piping for hot and cold pressure test shall be test under a pressure of not less than_______ for a period of _______
No urinal shall be set closer than from its center to center of a similar fixtures?
How many fixture units shall be allowed for a continuous flow into a drainage system like sump pump, ejector and air conditioning equipment for every 0.063 l/s(1gpm)?
Sixty (60) degree branches or offsets may be used only when installed in true
Minimum air gaps for water distribution for sinks, laundry trays and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 19 mm in diameter when affected by the walls.
Return bend vent pipe of a potable water storage tank shall be screened with a fined corrosion-resistant screen with opening not less than or nor more than __________.
Water pipes and building sewer, and storm drainage constructed on a clay material laid or run in the same trench within a building shall have at least horizontal clearance at all points of ______________.
No urinal shall be set closer than from its center to any side of the wall or partition?
Valve use to prevent the tank from overflowing.
Cleanout under floor piping shall have a vertical clearance from means of access not less than
Horizontal copper tubing, sized 38 mm and smaller in diameter shall be supported approximately?
Water pipes and fittings with a lead content that exceed 8% shall be prohibited and not used in ____________.
Vacuum breaker shall be installed at the discharge side of the flushometer valve with the critical level above the overflow rim of a water closet bowl or the highest part of a urinal.
Horizontal copper tubing, sized 50 mm and larger in diameter shall be supported approximately?
Air test shall be made for DWV by attaching air compressor to a minimum uniform gauge pressure of_______for the period of ___________.
_________ pipes shall have an outside protective coating of an approved material like bituminous coating and fiberglass wrapping.
Changes and direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approve fittings.
Prohibited fixtures for a water closet and urinal
Joints of copper pans or liners shall be
Trenches of building drainage shall be backfilled in thin layers of ______m above the top of the pipe with clean earth which not contain materials which can the damage the pipe
Horizontal cast iron soil pipe with a length not exceeding 1.5 m in length shall be supported not more than interval
Water pipes and building sewer, and storm drainage constructed on a clay material laid or run in the same trench within a building shall have at least vertical clearance at all points of ________________.
Ball cock shall be installed with the critical level at least _____ above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be used unless the discharge of one inlet cannot enter into the other?
An additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line exceeding at angle of _______.
All small sized malleable iron water fittings shall be
Cleanout may be omitted on a short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of?
Horizontal screw pipe , sized 25 mm and larger in diameter shall be supported approximately?
No water closet and bidet shall be set closer than from its center to any side of the wall or obstruction?
Valves over 51mm in size may be a ___________.
Maybe substitute for automatic flush tank?
Relief valve shall be set at a pressure of not more than _________.
Backflow preventers shall not be located in any area containing fumes that are ___________.
Drinking fountain should not installed in a?
Shower threshold shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum of door width of?
Lawn sprinkler system shall be equipped with a listed and installed at discharge side of each of the last shutoff valve.
The sum of all perforation of the strainer is equivalent to the?
If water pressure from the main will cannot provide a water pressure of at least 15 psi thus allowing friction and pressure losses, what will be added into the system to be able to provide a 15 psi?
Tunnels shall have a clear height of______ above the pipe and shall be limited in length to ______the depth of a trench with a maximum length of _______. When pipe is driven, the drive pipe shall be at least ________than the pipe to be laid.
Overflow pipe from a fixture shall be connected to the house or
Minimum section of water test for the DWV shall be_____ and shall be filled with water for a______ before the inspection starts
Joints of lead pans or liners shall be______
Water supply inlet to receptors not protected by atmospheric vacuum breaker shall be protected by approved ________.
A valve used to control two or more opening is called ________.
Over rim baths filler and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 25 mm in diameter when not affective by the walls.
Access and clearance for the backflow prevention assemblies shall require a minimum clearance from a lowest portion of a assembly and the grade floor or platform.
Minimum area and dimension of a shower compartment shall be maintained from a shower drain outlet to a height of _________.
Each such tailpiece, continuous waste or overflows for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs, urinal and similar fixtures shall not less than?
Excessive water pressure in excess of 80 psi (551 kpa) shall be provided with a device to the reduce the pressure to the required supply pressure.
Minimum distance between the door or entry to the drain opening of shower shall be?
Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe sized larger than the largest ___________.
ABS and PVC DWV shall be used for __________.
Restaurant and other special use sinks may be made of approved type bonderized and galvanized steel sheet of not less than
Material should not be used for continuous waste and overflows tailpiece or trap for urinal?
Horizontal screw pipe, sized 19 mm and smaller in diameter shall be supported approximately?
Horizontal ground piping shall be laid on a firm bed at its _________.
A kind of valve that shall be provided for each fixture.
Air may be substitute for a water piping test for hot and cold with a minimum of_______ for a period of ________
When potable water is discharged into the drainage system, it means than an approved air gap " with unobstructed atmospheric distance from the supply outlet and the top surface of the drainage inlet, but in no case shall the gap be less than 25 mm.
Buried copper tubing where possible shall be installed with ______.
Horizontal lead pipe shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden backing at its _________.
Water closet flushometer tanks shall be protective against backflow by an approved device called ___________.
Horizontal cast iron soil pipe with a length exceeding 1.5 m in length shall be supported not more than interval
Over rim baths filler and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 25 mm in diameter when affective by the walls.
Minimum air gaps for water distribution for lavatories and other fixtures with effective opening not greater than 13 mm in diameter when affected by the walls?
No devices in a waterline supply system if the inlet/outlet is less than the _________ and __________.
Thickness of Copper pans or liners shall be at least?
Installations elevated for more than 1.52 m above the floor grade of a backflow prevention assembly shall be provided with ________ capable of supporting a tester or maintenance person.
All shower compartments, regardless in shape shall have a minimum finish interior area of?
Minimum of building water service pipe?
Cleanout of an interceptor shall be installed
Cleanout under floor piping shall have a horizontal clearance from the mean of access not less than
Pressure loss in a water line in such devices in a water supply system must be included in ______________.
No water closet and bidet shall be set closer than from its center to center of a similar fixtures?
Water pipes ,building sewer, and storm drainage constructed in clay material or not approved material for use with in a building shall not be run or laid in the __________.
Fitting shall be used horizontal to horizontal drainage line
Water closet and urinal flushometer valve shall be equipped with a listed __________.
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]]>Try our new format for Materials Engineer mock exams.
It is a document in the field that narrates the quality control activities and is mandated in memorandum circular no. 80 dated June 30, 1978.
The calibration of the universal testing machine is conducted
The mineral filler which is used in the bituminous mix passes seive number
The specific gravity of asphalt cement ranges from
The minimum tensile strength of grade 40 steel bar per specification is 483 Mpa. What is the minimum yield strength?
A control test in embankment construction to ensure adequate compaction
Cold mix asphalt is used on
In a completed pavement, what are the minimum core samples required before payment is affected? (Assuming that the thickness is 23 cm)
The dimension of gabion sample for testing
The percent of asphalt used in bituminous mix ranges from
The minimum quantity of steel pipe (galvanized) samples for testing
In Bituminous mixture composition, percent of aggregates ranges from
The minimum quantity of CHB samples for complete test
The selvage wire of a mattress per specification has a minimum diameter of
In abrasion test, the abrasive charge shall consist of cast-iron spheres or steel spheres. Using grading A, how many are the number of spheres?
The ratio of weight/mass of water in the soil to the weight/mass of dry soil after it has been dried to constant weight/mass temperature of 100 degrees +/- 5 degrees Celsius
The design of concrete mix specified by the Blue Book is based on
The total weight of sample in abrasion test using grading A, B, C, and D is
The maximum moisture content of CHB
The rate of loading in the determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimen is at a constant rate within the range of
Plasticty is an indication of percent
Laboratory compaction test of a soil is also known as
The allowable air voids in compacted asphalt mix is
The minimum quantity of conrete cylinder samples for testing
The weight of hammer to be used in the laboratory compaction of soil for embankment is
Embankment materials delivered at the job site was about 12,000 cu.m.. The minimum test requirement calls for 1-GPC, for every 1500 cu.m. What is the number of minimum test?
The minimum volume of water sample for analysis
One of the duties of the material engineer is to _______
The minimum flexural strength requirement of beam sample when tested by third-point loading method.
The maximum absorption content of CHB
The curve in logarithmic scale where the 25th blow is projected in order to determine the liquid limit of the soil
The average individual strength requirement of load bearing concrete masonry units is 5.5 Mpa (800 psi). What is its average strength requirement?
VMA means
The significance of laboratory compaction test is to
SPT means
The quantity of soil aggregate for classification test
The size of steel bar sample for testing
What is the percent permissible error in the calibration of the universal testing machine/portable flexural/ compression machine?
In the field density test conducted in embankment, result showed that the computed dry unit weight was 1,650 kg/cu.m.. Laboratory compaction data showed that maximum dry density was 1,721 kg./cu.m. and the optimum moisture content was 12%. What is the degree of compaction?
The quantity for soil aggregate for Moisture-Density Test
The minimum quantity of cement for testing
How do you compute for the plasticity index of the soil?
CQCA means
There is 1-Q of steel bars required for every
Right after sampling, concrete cylindrical specimen samples shall be removed from its mold after
It is dynamic test usewd in the field to obtain rapid empirical results which can be used to estimate shear strength and bearing capacity
The minimum test requirement for boulders
The minimum number of core in asphalt pavement
Who is to recommend to the acceptance on rejection of construction materials intended for use in the project based on test results?
The minimum volume of curing compound for testing
The following are physical properties of asphalt except
The requisite of transporting samples to the laboratory is
If the coarse aggregate is subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
Mass percent of wear of coarse aggregates for item 311 when tested by AASHTO T-96 is not greater than
The bending requirements of deformed reinforcing steel bar is
There is 1-Q of cement in every
The length of wire (strand with strap) sample for testing
In Marshal test, the specimens are tested for stability and flow at
The Materials Engineer must base his/her recommendation for the acceptance and rejection of construction materials on
Used in sealing undisturbed sample
Which of the following is not a property of aggregates for bituminous mix composition?
The average minimum strength requirement of non-load bearing concrete masonry is 4.14 Mpa (600psi). What is its minimum individual strength requirement?
A tube sampler used in sampling disturbed sample
The minimum test requirement for water used in concrete for a questionable source is
Percentage of wear represents the value of
The minimum test for paint is
Which of the following is a duty of a Materials Engineer?
The condition of soil sample to be tested in the laboratory compaction test is
The temperature in standard curing of concrete sample is
A tube sampler used in sampling undisturbed sample
The test that determines the resistance of aggregates to its disintegration by saturated solutions of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate;
The type of cement to be used in the DPWH infrastructure projects as indicated in the Blue Book
The selvage wire of a gabion per specification has a minimum diameter of
Which of the following is a physical test of asphalt?
How many group of 3 in situ densities are required if the compacted volume of embankment laid were estimated to be 1,500 cu.m. with a thickness of 0.20 m/layer?
It is a test required prior to final payment of Portland Cement Concrete Pavement and Asphalt Pavements
For pipe culverts and storm drains, the minimum test is 1 - pipe for every 50 pcs. What is the alternative requirement?
The allowable percent variation in mass of deformed reinforcing steel bar is
A type of coring bit used in rock coring
The quantity of joint filler (pre-molded) sample for testing
The maximum allowable percent phosphorous content of a deformed and plain billet steel bar is
Determines the effect of water on the cohesion of the bituminous mixture
If the fine aggregates is subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed
The type of sample to be tested for structural steel/sheet
The maximum size of Item 300 - Aggregate Surface Course
In items 311 and 405, 1 - grading is performed
The maximum size of item 200 - Aggregate Subbase Course
Which of the following is not a manufactured asphalt?
The minimum quantity of sample for asphalt mix for a complete set
How many sets of beam samples are taken for every 75 cu.m. of concrete poured
The liquid limit is expressed as the moisture content corresponding to
The type of electron present in rapid setting emulsified asphalt
Which of the following items does not need a CBR?
CQCA is submitted every
Which of the following is not the work of the materials engineer.
It is prescribed in each project based on estimated quantities and specifies the kind and number of test or each item of work.
Asphalt cement, liquid asphalt and blown asphalt are
It is a chemical composition of asphalt that gives color and hardness
The materials engineer of the contractor is directly under the supervision of the
The method in the determination of density of soil in-place
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]]>Sampling
- Concrete coring shall be undertaken to obtain the required number of specimens. It should be done after the concrete has become hard enough to permit sample removal without disturbing the bond between the mortar and coarse aggregate. In general, the concrete shall be 14 days old before specimens are taken.
- Samples from concrete coring that show abnormal defects or samples that have been damaged in the process of removal shall not be used.
- Samples for determining compressive strength that contains embedded reinforcement should be avoided or trimmed to eliminate the reinforcement, provided that a length-ti-diameter ratio (L/D) of at least 1.0 can be obtained.
Core Specimens
The diameter of core specimens for thickness determination should be at least 3 times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate used in the concrete and must be at least twice the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate in the core sample. The length of the specimens, when capped, shall be as nearly as practicable twice its diameter.
Concrete Coring for Thickness Determination
A completed pavement is accepted on a lot basis. A lot shall be considered as 1000 linear meters of single-lane pavement. Or 500 linear meters of pavement if the two-lane pavement is poured concurrently. While other areas such as intersections, entrances, cross-overs, ramps, etc. will be grouped to form a lot. Each lot will be divided into five (5) equal segments and one concrete core will be obtained from each segment. When the measurement of any core is less than the specified thickness by more than 25mm, additional cores will be taken at no less than 5-meter intervals parallel to the center line in each direction, from the affected location.
Concrete coring will only be stopped when a core that is not deficient in thickness by more than 25mm is found in each direction.
Evaluation of Concrete Samples for thickness determination
- Concrete core samples should be measured at least nine (9) measurements of length, one at the center, and one each at eight additional locations spaced at equal intervals along the circumference of the circle.
- The average length of the core is then obtained from the nine measurements. Each measurement will be subject to the following;
- Individual measurements in excess of the specified thickness by more than 5mm will be considered as specified thickness plus 5mm.
- Individual measurements less than the specified thickness by more than 25mm shall not be included in the average.
- When the average thickness for the lot is deficient, the contract unit price is adjusted as follows:
| Deficiency in the Average Thickness per Lot, (mm) | Percent of Contract Price per Lot, % Payment |
| 0-5 | 100 |
| 6-10 | 95 |
| 11-15 | 85 |
| 16-20 | 70 |
| 21-25 | 50 |
| More than 25 | Remove and Replace |
| No Payment |
Example:
Concrete coring was made on a section of a newly constructed pavement. A core specimen taken from the concrete pavement was measured for thickness determination. The required pavement thickness is 230mm.
| Position | Sample (mm) | Corrected(mm) |
| 1 | 250 | 235 |
| 2 | 220 | 220 |
| 3 | 235 | 235 |
| 4 | 245 | 235 |
| 5 | 215 | 215 |
| 6 | 243 | 235 |
| 7 | 253 | 235 |
| 8 | 241 | 235 |
| 9 | 211 | 211 |
| Average | 228 |
Analysis:
The deficiency in thickness taken from the computed average of the corrected thickness is only 2mm. Therefore, the section where the concrete cores represent will be paid in full.
Concrete Coring Strength Determination
Concrete coring on pavements will only be done when the strength test results of concrete beam samples are not acceptable. At least three representative cores shall be taken from each area of concrete in-place considered deficient. Obtained concrete cores will be subjected to compressive strength tests wherein the average strength test results will be computed. Concrete in an area represented by cores can only be considered adequate when the average strength of the cores is equal to 85% of, and if no single core is less than 75% of, the specified strength.
| Deficiency in Strength of Concrete Specimens, Percent (%) |
Percent (%) of Contract Price Allowed |
| Less than 5 | 100% |
| 5 to less than 10 | 80% |
| 10 to less than 15 | 70% |
| 15 to less than 20 | 60% |
| 20 to less than 25 | 50% |
| 25 or more | 0 |
Example:
In a section, the required concrete strength at 28 days is 24.1 Mpa (3500 psi). Concrete coring was made and three cores were taken from the section and were tested for strength verification. The results are the following;
| CORE ID | Strength, Mpa (psi) |
| 1 | 23.31 (3378) |
| 2 | 15.94 (2310) |
| 3 | 24.79 (3593) |
Analysis:
- The required strength is 24.1 Mpa (3500 psi)
- The strength test result for Core ID no. 2 is less than 75 percent of the required strength.
- Concrete in the section represented by the cores is considered inadequate.
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Credits to DPWH
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]]>The post DJI Mavic Mini 1 Best Compact Drone 2020 appeared first on CONSTRUIRE.
]]>DJI Mavic Mini 1 Features
Here are some of the features of the DJI Mavic Mini 1;
- Takeoff Weight – 249 grams
- Maximum Ascent Speed
- Positional/ Normal Mode (P Mode) – 2m/s
- Sport Mode (S Mode) – 4m/s
- Cinematic Mode (C Mode) – 1m/s
- Maximum Descent Speed
- Positional/ Normal Mode (P Mode) – 1.8m/s
- Sport Mode (S Mode) – 3m/s
- Cinematic Mode (C Mode) – 1m/s
- Maximum Speed (near sea level, no wind)
- Positional/ Normal Mode (P Mode) – 8m/s
- Sport Mode (S Mode) – 13m/s
- Cinematic Mode (C Mode) – 4m/s
- Maximum Wind Resistance – 8m/s
- Maximum Range – 4000m
- Camera – 12 Mega Pixels
Regulatory Compliance
The DJI Mavic Mini 1 drone weighs 249 grams whereas, in countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and continental Europe, as well as that Australia, regulators agreed that drones weighing less than 250 grams are virtually harmless. Nonetheless, that regulation may be applied here in the Philippines (not sure). It is, however, suggested that drone operators be knowledgeable about drone laws and regulations prior to the use of such, including local ordinances pertaining to the use of drones.
Common Sense in Flying Drones
Things to consider if you are not a CAAP-certified drone operator. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) regulates the use of drones in the Philippines. Anyway, here are some common sense things to consider when operating drones.
- Do not operate or fly drones when near crowds of people.
- Do not go beyond the maximum height set (in the controller) which is 120 meters.
- Do not fly near wildlife such as eagles and other territorial birds.
- Do not fly beyond visual range, always maintain sight when flying your drone.
- Do not fly drones in windy conditions, rain, and storms.
- Do not fly near airports, nonetheless, the DJI Mavic Mini 1 drone is programmed not to unless you have an authorization code.
- Indoor flying is not recommended, as there is no GPS connectivity.
Use of Drone Technology at Work and Leisure
Some of the uses of the drone in our line of work are documentation and visual inspection. Besides, featured are real-time video monitoring capability for visual inspections. In addition, the 12 megapixel camera is enough take quality photos of hard-to-reach-areas.
The following are sample photos and videos taken at work and in leisure.
- From various video recordings compiled into one using the built-in DJI video editing software.
- In this video, we are using the DJI Mavic Mini 1 for work documentation. Please don’t forget to subscribe on our YouTube channel.
- Photos that were taken at work by DJI Mavic Mini 1
In conclusion, the DJI Mavic Mini is a very good yet simple drone.
Credits to: DJI.com
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